Portugal to Ireland: The
History & Traditions of
Europe

Lisbon

Lisbon has somewhat rediscovered itself in recent years,
reclaiming its rightful place as the 'golden city' of southern
Europe. Much of this is due to the officials of Lisbon having
elected to rejuvenate the city during the 1990s. This ongoing focus
on the future has meant making the most of the attractions, both
old and new.

One day can span centuries as visitors move between the
picturesque medieval section of the Alfama district and historic
São Jorge castle to being amazed by the spectacle of the futuristic
Oceanarium of Lisboa.

Infrastructure has also been improved, with additions like the
impressive Vasco da Gama Bridge across the River Tagus, which links
the city's airport to a network of national motorways and has
facilitated access to other parts of Portugal. There is also a new
showcase railway hub, the Gare de Oriente, which is the pride of a
new modern suburb on the east bank of the Tagus, creating an even
better link between Lisbon and the rest of Europe. But if tourists
really want to see the city in style, they must be sure not to miss
a ride on the famous Tram 28, which winds its way through the
oldest parts of the city and gives visitors a feel of the history
and rich culture Lisbon has to offer.

Vigo

Vigo is situated in northwest Spain and is the
biggest city in Galicia, as well as one of the fastest growing
cities in Europe. The strategic natural port has been the making of
Vigo, and has been in use since Roman times; the city retains a
strong maritime flavour and lures tourists with unspoilt beaches,
old fishing districts, coastal fortifications, boat trips, and
spectacular seafood.

The partially preserved fortifications of the
city, built in 1656 to prevent Turkish invasion, can be viewed at
sites such as the Castro Fortress, which is now surrounded by
gardens and offers spectacular views over the port it once
defended.

The city's historical quarter (
) centres on the old maritime neighbourhood of
O Berbes, near the port, where a labyrinthine network of narrow
streets reveals hidden historical gems, including the Collegiate
Church of Santa Maria, built on the remains of a Gothic church said
to have been burnt down by Sir Francis Drake.

The main attraction of Vigo, however, is the
coastline itself: the Vigo Estuary is blessed with numerous white,
sandy beaches, many of which are Blue Flag accredited and connected
by pretty coastal walking trails.

The bustling port offers ferries to nearby towns
such as Cangas and Moana, and boat trips are available to the
unspoilt Cies Isles, rugged islands with pristine beaches that form
part of the National Park of the Atlantic and are home to thousands
of migratory birds.

Ferrol

Ferrol, located in the northwest of Spain, is a historic and charming city in the province of A Coruña. Situated on the Atlantic coast, this coastal town offers visitors a unique blend of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and a lively atmosphere. With a population of around 66,000, Ferrol is a city that has retained its authenticity and traditional roots while also embracing modernity.

One of the main highlights of Ferrol is its rich maritime history. The city played a crucial role in Spain's naval expansion and is home to the Naval Military School, which has trained Spanish navy officers for centuries. Visitors can explore the Naval Museum, located in the former military prison, which displays a fascinating collection of maritime artifacts and chronicles the city's naval history.

Ferrol's city center, with its narrow streets and picturesque squares, is perfect for leisurely strolls. The Plaza de Armas is the main square, lined with elegant buildings and home to the City Hall. Close by, the Plaza de Amboage offers a serene place to relax and soak in the local atmosphere. The city's architecture reflects its historical significance, with notable landmarks such as the San Francisco Church, the Church of Dolores, and the Military Arsenal, a naval shipbuilding complex dating back to the 18th century.

For those seeking natural beauty, Ferrol is surrounded by stunning landscapes and pristine beaches. One of the most popular beaches is Doniños, known for its golden sand dunes and excellent surfing conditions. Esmelle and San Jorge are also beautiful beaches worth visiting. Nature lovers will enjoy exploring Fragas del Eume Natural Park, a lush forested area with hiking trails, waterfalls, and a diverse array of flora and fauna.

Food enthusiasts will find Ferrol to be a gastronomic delight. The city offers a wide range of culinary treats, with an emphasis on fresh seafood. Visitors can savor mouthwatering Galician dishes such as pulpo a la gallega (Galician-style octopus), percebes (goose barnacles), and empanada gallega (Galician pie). The local markets, such as the Mercado de Esteiro, are perfect for discovering fresh produce and regional specialties.

Ferrol also hosts several lively festivals and events throughout the year. One of the most important celebrations is the Semana Santa, or Holy Week, which features impressive religious processions. The Festival of San Juan, celebrated on June 23rd, is another notable event, where locals gather on the beaches to bonfires, fireworks, and enjoy a night of revelry. Music lovers should not miss the Festival Noroeste Estrella Galicia, a renowned music festival held every summer that attracts both national and international artists.

In terms of transportation, Ferrol is well connected by road and rail, making it easily accessible from major cities in Spain. The city also has a small airport, A Coruña Airport, which offers domestic and international flights. Once in Ferrol, the best way to explore the city and its surroundings is on foot or by using public transportation.

Overall, Ferrol is a captivating destination that offers a mix of history, culture, and natural beauty. Whether you are interested in maritime heritage, beach resorts, or culinary delights, this charming city has something to offer everyone. So, pack your bags and get ready to immerse yourself in the unique charm of Ferrol, Spain.

Aviles

Aviles is a charming city located in the northern region of Spain, known as Asturias. With its rich history, breathtaking landscapes, and vibrant culture, Aviles is a must-visit destination for travelers seeking an authentic Spanish experience.

One of the first things that strikes visitors in Aviles is its well-preserved medieval architecture. As you wander through the streets, you'll come across cobblestone roads, ancient buildings, and picturesque squares. The Old Town, declared a Historic-Artistic site, is particularly noteworthy, with its narrow alleyways and grand squares, such as Plaza de Espana and Plaza de Mercado. The stunning architecture of the Cathedral of San Salvador and the Church of San Nicolás further add to the city's appeal.

Aviles is also famous for its industrial past, specifically its steel industry. The iconic landmark of the city, the Niemeyer Center, designed by renowned Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer, stands as a testament to this industrial heritage. The center hosts cultural events, exhibits, and an auditorium, making it a hub for arts and entertainment in the region. The striking design of the building, which features curved lines and white concrete, adds a modern touch to the city's historic landscape.

Nature enthusiasts will find plenty to explore in Aviles as well. The city is located on the coast of the Cantabrian Sea, offering stunning beaches and magnificent cliffs along its coastline. The nearby Ría de Avilés, an estuary that flows into the sea, is a natural paradise where you can spot various species of birds and enjoy outdoor activities such as kayaking and fishing. The Las Ubiñas-La Mesa Nature Park, located a short distance from Aviles, provides a beautiful setting for hiking, picnicking, and wildlife spotting.

Aviles is also a city of festivals and traditions. One of the most important festivities is the International Bagpipe Festival, known as La Fiesta de la Música Celta, where bagpipe players from different countries come together to celebrate this traditional instrument. The Aviles Accordion Festival and the Festival of the Sea are other notable events that showcase the city's love for music and its maritime heritage. During these festivals, the city comes alive with music, dance, and vibrant displays of local culture.

No visit to Aviles would be complete without savoring its delicious cuisine. Asturias is renowned for its gastronomy, and Aviles is no exception. The city offers a wide variety of traditional dishes, such as fabada asturiana (a hearty bean stew), cachopo (breaded veal stuffed with cheese and ham), and sidra (traditional Asturian cider). Don't forget to visit the local cider houses, known as sidrerías, where you can witness the unique pouring technique and enjoy a refreshing glass of cider.

In summary, Aviles is a city that seamlessly blends its medieval charm with its industrial heritage. With its captivating architecture, natural beauty, lively festivals, and flavorful cuisine, Aviles is a destination that promises an unforgettable experience for all visitors, making it an excellent choice for anyone planning a trip to Spain.

Bilbao

Bilbao is a vibrant city located in the northern region of Spain known as the Basque Country. It is the largest city in this region and the tenth-largest in Spain, with a population of over three hundred thousand people. Over the past few decades, Bilbao has transformed itself from an industrial city into a cultural and economic hub, drawing tourists from all over the world.

One of the main attractions that put Bilbao on the map is the Guggenheim Museum. Designed by the renowned architect Frank Gehry, this avant-garde building is a work of art itself, with its curving titanium walls and unique structure. Inside, visitors can explore a vast collection of contemporary and modern art, including works by artists such as Andy Warhol and Jeff Koons. The museum has become an international symbol of the city's transformation and is a must-visit for art enthusiasts.

Apart from the Guggenheim, Bilbao has many other cultural and historical attractions to offer. The Casco Viejo, or Old Town, is a charming neighborhood that showcases the city's rich history. Here, visitors can wander through narrow streets, admire traditional Basque architecture, and indulge in local pintxos, a type of tapas popular in the region. The Plaza Nueva, located in the heart of the Old Town, is a lively square surrounded by cafes and bars, making it an ideal spot for people-watching and enjoying the local atmosphere.

Another landmark worth visiting is the Bilbao Cathedral, also known as Santiago Cathedral. Built in the Gothic style, this impressive structure dates back to the 14th century and houses many significant artworks and relics. Its stunning exterior and beautiful stained glass windows make it a must-see for history and architecture enthusiasts.

For those interested in Basque culture, a visit to the Basque Museum is a must. Located in a former convent, this museum showcases the history, language, customs, and traditions of the Basque people. Visitors can explore exhibitions on topics such as Basque folklore, traditional sports, and the region's rural heritage. The museum also hosts regular cultural events and performances, showcasing Basque music, dance, and gastronomy.

Bilbao is also famous for its culinary scene. The city is home to numerous Michelin-starred restaurants, as well as small, family-run eateries serving traditional Basque cuisine. Visitors can sample local specialties such as bacalao al pil-pil (codfish in a garlic and olive oil sauce) or txangurro (spider crab). Pintxos, the Basque version of tapas, are also a must-try. These bite-sized snacks, often served on a slice of bread, are available in bars throughout the city and are a great way to experience the local flavors.

In addition to its cultural and culinary offerings, Bilbao is surrounded by natural beauty. The city is located on the banks of the Nervion River, offering picturesque views and opportunities for outdoor activities. The nearby mountains and coastline provide further options for hiking, surfing, and enjoying the outdoors.

In conclusion, Bilbao is a city that has successfully reinvented itself, transforming from an industrial hub into a world-class cultural destination. With its iconic Guggenheim Museum, rich history, vibrant culinary scene, and stunning natural surroundings, Bilbao offers something for everyone. Whether you are an art enthusiast, a history buff, a foodie, or an outdoor adventurer, Bilbao is sure to captivate you with its unique charm and endless possibilities.

Pasajes

Bordeaux

Bordeaux is synonymous with its greatest
export: wine. Bordeaux wines have commanded respect worldwide since
Roman times, when vines were first cultivated in the region. The
first winery is said to have emerged around AD 37-38. The lush
green countryside captures perfectly the meaning of the French
saying la douceur de vivre: 'the sweetness of living'. To the east
lie the vineyards of Route de Medoc and the charming medieval town
of St-Emilion. The North hosts white-sand beaches on the Atlantic
coast. The region is also a major stop on the fabled pilgrimage to
Santiago de Compostella.

The city of Bordeaux itself is on the rise.
Bordeaux is consistently voted one of the best French cities for
young people to live in, and has the largest number of preserved
historical buildings in France, aside from Paris. The city is
tucked into a bend of the Garonne River and houses stone-sculpted
palaces, 18th century wine-merchant mansions, and stunning
contemporary architecture such as the decanter-shaped La Cite du
Vin. Bordeaux features several interesting museums, including the
Museum of Contemporary Art, and the Musee D'Aquitaine, featuring
exhibits of Gallo-Roman statues and relics dating back some 25,000
years.

Wine connoisseurs looking to take home some
of their favourite bottles from the region would do well to buy
directly from the wine farms. However, shops such as La Vinotheque
on cours du XXX Juillet, or L'Intendant and Badie on allees de
Tourny are good alternative options. The city also plays host to
the world's most famous wine fair, Vinexpo, every two years.

Bordeaux

Bordeaux is synonymous with its greatest
export: wine. Bordeaux wines have commanded respect worldwide since
Roman times, when vines were first cultivated in the region. The
first winery is said to have emerged around AD 37-38. The lush
green countryside captures perfectly the meaning of the French
saying la douceur de vivre: 'the sweetness of living'. To the east
lie the vineyards of Route de Medoc and the charming medieval town
of St-Emilion. The North hosts white-sand beaches on the Atlantic
coast. The region is also a major stop on the fabled pilgrimage to
Santiago de Compostella.

The city of Bordeaux itself is on the rise.
Bordeaux is consistently voted one of the best French cities for
young people to live in, and has the largest number of preserved
historical buildings in France, aside from Paris. The city is
tucked into a bend of the Garonne River and houses stone-sculpted
palaces, 18th century wine-merchant mansions, and stunning
contemporary architecture such as the decanter-shaped La Cite du
Vin. Bordeaux features several interesting museums, including the
Museum of Contemporary Art, and the Musee D'Aquitaine, featuring
exhibits of Gallo-Roman statues and relics dating back some 25,000
years.

Wine connoisseurs looking to take home some
of their favourite bottles from the region would do well to buy
directly from the wine farms. However, shops such as La Vinotheque
on cours du XXX Juillet, or L'Intendant and Badie on allees de
Tourny are good alternative options. The city also plays host to
the world's most famous wine fair, Vinexpo, every two years.

Bordeaux

Bordeaux is synonymous with its greatest
export: wine. Bordeaux wines have commanded respect worldwide since
Roman times, when vines were first cultivated in the region. The
first winery is said to have emerged around AD 37-38. The lush
green countryside captures perfectly the meaning of the French
saying la douceur de vivre: 'the sweetness of living'. To the east
lie the vineyards of Route de Medoc and the charming medieval town
of St-Emilion. The North hosts white-sand beaches on the Atlantic
coast. The region is also a major stop on the fabled pilgrimage to
Santiago de Compostella.

The city of Bordeaux itself is on the rise.
Bordeaux is consistently voted one of the best French cities for
young people to live in, and has the largest number of preserved
historical buildings in France, aside from Paris. The city is
tucked into a bend of the Garonne River and houses stone-sculpted
palaces, 18th century wine-merchant mansions, and stunning
contemporary architecture such as the decanter-shaped La Cite du
Vin. Bordeaux features several interesting museums, including the
Museum of Contemporary Art, and the Musee D'Aquitaine, featuring
exhibits of Gallo-Roman statues and relics dating back some 25,000
years.

Wine connoisseurs looking to take home some
of their favourite bottles from the region would do well to buy
directly from the wine farms. However, shops such as La Vinotheque
on cours du XXX Juillet, or L'Intendant and Badie on allees de
Tourny are good alternative options. The city also plays host to
the world's most famous wine fair, Vinexpo, every two years.

Concarneau

Hugh Town, Saint Mary's, Isles of Scilly

Dublin

Cosmopolitan, colourful and over a thousand years old, Dublin
presents a fine starting point for visitors to Ireland. This
capital city is split in two by the River Liffey, which gives form
to the city and has no less than nine bridges spanning it. Central
Dublin is easily explored on foot, and presents a wealth of
historic landmarks, from ancient cathedrals to gracious Georgian
buildings that pay testimony to days gone by. There are many
attractions on both sides of the Liffey, ranging from gaols and
castles to museums and the birthplaces of famous poets and writers.
Dublin is also famous for its nightlife and the Temple Bar area is
the highlight for those seeking out a party.

Not far from the city, in County Wicklow, are the Wicklow
Mountains, where hills, glens, forests and waterfalls attract
weekend walkers and nature-lovers. Dublin Bay, which lies between
the mouth of the River Liffey and the Dalkey headland, is the site
of several small coastal towns and the ferry port of Dun Laoghaire.
County Kildare is a region of rich farmland and fine reputation for
the breeding of thoroughbred horses, while the similar counties of
Louth and Meath have evidence of early civilisations and a wealth
of castles and monasteries. With all this on Dublin's doorstep, the
city is a great base for exploration farther afield.