Historic Rivers & Iconic
Shores: Lisbon to Amsterdam

Lisbon

Lisbon has somewhat rediscovered itself in recent years,
reclaiming its rightful place as the 'golden city' of southern
Europe. Much of this is due to the officials of Lisbon having
elected to rejuvenate the city during the 1990s. This ongoing focus
on the future has meant making the most of the attractions, both
old and new.

One day can span centuries as visitors move between the
picturesque medieval section of the Alfama district and historic
São Jorge castle to being amazed by the spectacle of the futuristic
Oceanarium of Lisboa.

Infrastructure has also been improved, with additions like the
impressive Vasco da Gama Bridge across the River Tagus, which links
the city's airport to a network of national motorways and has
facilitated access to other parts of Portugal. There is also a new
showcase railway hub, the Gare de Oriente, which is the pride of a
new modern suburb on the east bank of the Tagus, creating an even
better link between Lisbon and the rest of Europe. But if tourists
really want to see the city in style, they must be sure not to miss
a ride on the famous Tram 28, which winds its way through the
oldest parts of the city and gives visitors a feel of the history
and rich culture Lisbon has to offer.

Leixões

Bridges and port wine are what
characterises Porto, Portugal's gracious northern capital and
second largest city after Lisbon. Porto sits astride a great gorge
at the point where the River Douro enters the Atlantic. Although
it's mainly industrial, the city centre has plenty of charm with
art treasures, medieval cathedrals and museums. The narrow streets
sport wrought-iron balconies decorated with splashes of potted
geraniums.

The main reason tourists visit Porto is to
sample its legendary port wine, processed, blended and aged in the
various lodges of the Vila Nova da Gaia district across the river
from the city, reached via the spectacular two-tiered Dom Luis
bridge. Visitors can tour the lodges and finish up with a tasting
session. The city also has a historic riverside district called
Ribeira, which is undergoing restoration and has been classified as
a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Within easy reach of Porto are numerous
coastal resorts and fishing villages along the Atlantic coastline,
well-known for their seafood restaurants. It's the perfect end to a
day spent cruising down the River Douro, ideal for taking in the
scenic splendour.

Vigo

Vigo is situated in northwest Spain and is the
biggest city in Galicia, as well as one of the fastest growing
cities in Europe. The strategic natural port has been the making of
Vigo, and has been in use since Roman times; the city retains a
strong maritime flavour and lures tourists with unspoilt beaches,
old fishing districts, coastal fortifications, boat trips, and
spectacular seafood.

The partially preserved fortifications of the
city, built in 1656 to prevent Turkish invasion, can be viewed at
sites such as the Castro Fortress, which is now surrounded by
gardens and offers spectacular views over the port it once
defended.

The city's historical quarter (
) centres on the old maritime neighbourhood of
O Berbes, near the port, where a labyrinthine network of narrow
streets reveals hidden historical gems, including the Collegiate
Church of Santa Maria, built on the remains of a Gothic church said
to have been burnt down by Sir Francis Drake.

The main attraction of Vigo, however, is the
coastline itself: the Vigo Estuary is blessed with numerous white,
sandy beaches, many of which are Blue Flag accredited and connected
by pretty coastal walking trails.

The bustling port offers ferries to nearby towns
such as Cangas and Moana, and boat trips are available to the
unspoilt Cies Isles, rugged islands with pristine beaches that form
part of the National Park of the Atlantic and are home to thousands
of migratory birds.

Ferrol

Ferrol, located in the northwest of Spain, is a historic and charming city in the province of A Coruña. Situated on the Atlantic coast, this coastal town offers visitors a unique blend of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and a lively atmosphere. With a population of around 66,000, Ferrol is a city that has retained its authenticity and traditional roots while also embracing modernity.

One of the main highlights of Ferrol is its rich maritime history. The city played a crucial role in Spain's naval expansion and is home to the Naval Military School, which has trained Spanish navy officers for centuries. Visitors can explore the Naval Museum, located in the former military prison, which displays a fascinating collection of maritime artifacts and chronicles the city's naval history.

Ferrol's city center, with its narrow streets and picturesque squares, is perfect for leisurely strolls. The Plaza de Armas is the main square, lined with elegant buildings and home to the City Hall. Close by, the Plaza de Amboage offers a serene place to relax and soak in the local atmosphere. The city's architecture reflects its historical significance, with notable landmarks such as the San Francisco Church, the Church of Dolores, and the Military Arsenal, a naval shipbuilding complex dating back to the 18th century.

For those seeking natural beauty, Ferrol is surrounded by stunning landscapes and pristine beaches. One of the most popular beaches is Doniños, known for its golden sand dunes and excellent surfing conditions. Esmelle and San Jorge are also beautiful beaches worth visiting. Nature lovers will enjoy exploring Fragas del Eume Natural Park, a lush forested area with hiking trails, waterfalls, and a diverse array of flora and fauna.

Food enthusiasts will find Ferrol to be a gastronomic delight. The city offers a wide range of culinary treats, with an emphasis on fresh seafood. Visitors can savor mouthwatering Galician dishes such as pulpo a la gallega (Galician-style octopus), percebes (goose barnacles), and empanada gallega (Galician pie). The local markets, such as the Mercado de Esteiro, are perfect for discovering fresh produce and regional specialties.

Ferrol also hosts several lively festivals and events throughout the year. One of the most important celebrations is the Semana Santa, or Holy Week, which features impressive religious processions. The Festival of San Juan, celebrated on June 23rd, is another notable event, where locals gather on the beaches to bonfires, fireworks, and enjoy a night of revelry. Music lovers should not miss the Festival Noroeste Estrella Galicia, a renowned music festival held every summer that attracts both national and international artists.

In terms of transportation, Ferrol is well connected by road and rail, making it easily accessible from major cities in Spain. The city also has a small airport, A Coruña Airport, which offers domestic and international flights. Once in Ferrol, the best way to explore the city and its surroundings is on foot or by using public transportation.

Overall, Ferrol is a captivating destination that offers a mix of history, culture, and natural beauty. Whether you are interested in maritime heritage, beach resorts, or culinary delights, this charming city has something to offer everyone. So, pack your bags and get ready to immerse yourself in the unique charm of Ferrol, Spain.

Brest

Brest is a vibrant and historic city located on the western coast of France, in the region of Brittany. It is the second-largest city in Brittany, offering visitors a unique blend of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and maritime charm. With its rich history, stunning coastline, and a wealth of attractions, Brest is a must-visit destination for travelers.

One of the key highlights of Brest is its stunning natural surroundings. The city is nestled between the Atlantic Ocean and the breathtaking Armorique Regional Natural Park. With its rugged cliffs, sandy beaches, and picturesque islands, this region is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. Visitors can enjoy a range of activities such as hiking, cycling, sailing, and even diving. The beautiful beaches of Brest, such as Moulin Blanc and Plage du Sillon, are perfect for relaxation and sunbathing.

Brest has a long and fascinating history, which is evident in its architecture and cultural heritage. The city was heavily bombed during World War II, but its historical quarter has been meticulously renovated and preserved. The most iconic landmark is the Brest Castle, which overlooks the city and the harbor. This medieval fortress now houses the National Maritime Museum and offers panoramic views of the surrounding area.

Another must-visit attraction in Brest is the Oceanopolis, one of Europe's largest aquariums. It is located on the harbor and showcases marine life from different regions, including tropical and polar ecosystems. Visitors can explore various exhibits, including the tropical pavilion, the polar pavilion, and the temperate pavilion, each offering a unique insight into the underwater world.

For those interested in maritime history, the Brest Arsenal is a must-see. This former military complex now houses a maritime museum and offers guided tours that showcase the city's naval heritage. Visitors can explore historic ships, learn about the region's maritime traditions, and even climb on board a 19th-century frigate.

Brest is also known for its vibrant cultural scene. The city hosts numerous festivals and events throughout the year, including the Astropolis electronic music festival, the Brest International Maritime Festival, and the Fête de la Musique. These events bring the city alive with music, dance, and an atmosphere of celebration.

In terms of cuisine, Brest offers a delectable range of Breton specialties. Visitors can savor traditional dishes such as kig ha farz (a hearty meat and vegetable stew) or seafood delights like moules marinières (marinated mussels) and galettes (savory buckwheat pancakes). The city is home to numerous restaurants, bistros, and crêperies, where visitors can indulge in these local flavors.

Brest is well-connected to the rest of France and Europe, with an international airport and excellent rail links. The city also boasts a modern and efficient public transportation system, making it easy to navigate and explore its many attractions.

Overall, Brest offers a unique blend of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and maritime charm. Whether you are interested in history, outdoor activities, or simply soaking up the relaxed atmosphere, this vibrant city has something for everyone. With its stunning coastline, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene, Brest is a destination that will leave visitors with unforgettable memories.

Plymouth

The historic port city of Plymouth is located on the Devon coast about 190 miles (310km) southwest of London and has been attracting both local and international holidaymakers for centuries. Dating back to the Bronze Age this port's history has seen it function as a trading post during the height the Roman Empire and then as a departure point for the Mayflower bearing pilgrims across the Atlantic to 'the New World'.Plymouth's naval background is still evident in the city's ship-building industry but the economy is also largely influenced by tourism and service-based businesses the well-established facilities and infrastructure creating an appealing environment for visitors. There are ferries to and from Plymouth linking it to France and Spain and the city's airport supports a number of international flights.There are many historic attractions in Plymouth to enjoy including the 17th-century Royal Citadel and Smeaton's Tower lighthouse built in 1759. Visitors can stroll along the many cobbled streets of the Barbican and read the memorial plaques on the Mayflower Steps in Sutton Pool from which the famous pilgrims' voyage was launched. The National Marine Aquarium and Crownhill Fort are also great local attractions. Plymouth is a good base for excursions to Dartmoor National Park the Tamar Valley and the popular surfing beaches of southeast Cornwall.

Caen

France is, quite simply, the world's leading tourist destination. This is the country that inspired Monet's reinvention of colour and the haunting harmonies of Claude Debussy. It has tantalised the taste buds with foie gras and frog legs, and captured the imagination of the world's jet-set with the resorts of St Tropez and Port Grimaud.

France emerged as a power following the Hundred Years' War. The country flourished as a centre of culture in the renaissance period and became a dominant European force during the reign of King Louis XIV and later Napoleon. This long and storied history has left a huge cultural legacy for visitors to enjoy.

History has seen the rise of castles, Gothic churches, walled towns, modern skyscrapers, and iconic structures such as the Pont du Gard and Eiffel Tower. There are 1200 museums housing the works of Picasso, Degas and Van Gogh. Magnificent concert halls carry the sounds of French composers. Market stalls, Parisian bistros and Michelin star restaurants offer up unique French fare, accompanied by Champage and Bordeaux wine. Flagship fashion edifices carrying 'haute couture' line the cobbles of the Champs Elysees.

From the cliffs and sand dunes of the north to the castles of the Loire valley, the majestic peaks of the Alps and the Pyrenees, the endless Mediterranean coastline of the Cote d'Azur, the oak forests on Corsica, and the Vineyards of Burgundy, France is an endless labyrinth of treasures. Millions arrive each year to rediscover the meaning of

Portsmouth

Portsmouth is one of the most densely populated cities in Southern England, and is unusual as most of its built-up area occupies Portsea Island, linked to the mainland by road and rail bridges. Although there is a Roman fort at nearby Portchester, occupied later by the Saxons and Normans, there was no settlement on the site of Portsmouth at the time of the 1086 Domesday Book. The town developed in medieval times and received its first charter in 1194 from King Richard I; soon afterwards it became a major naval base. It has the world’s oldest dry dock, and is home to several famous ships, including HMS Victory, HMS Warrior and the Mary Rose, raised from the Solent in 1982. Portsmouth remains an important naval base and is home to a large proportion of the British service fleet. The waterfront area is now dominated by the Spinnaker Tower, 560 feet high, the United Kingdom’s tallest building outside London. Other things to see in the city include the house where Charles Dickens was born, and the City Museum, which contains a permanent exhibition devoted to another famous writer, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who lived in the town.

London (Greenwich)

Whether you arrive in London via the underground or inside one
of the city's ubiquitous black taxicabs, you will immediately be
greeted by a deep sense of history and met with the unique vibrancy
of this incredible destination.

In its dark and troubled past, the city of London has survived
Roman occupancy, sackings from the Celts, Romans, Vikings and
Saxons, a Norman invasion, two great fires, the bubonic plague and
Nazi bombings. This resilient and proud city promises something for
everyone and is one of the most iconic tourist destinations.

The London Eye lifts visitors high above the river into
stretching urban vistas. Further down on the South Bank, the Tate
Modern contains one of the world's most incredible collections of
Modern Art, while the city's 30,000 stores and boutiques will
exhaust even the most avid shopper, and its 6,000 restaurants are
only too eager to demonstrate why Britons revere their chefs as
celebrities.

For those interested in exploring the country's heritage, the
Tower of London is an excellent starting-point. First constructed
in the 11th century, the Tower has been rebuilt several times as
later monarchs have left their mark. Still one of London's biggest
attractions, and a great celebration of pomp that is free to all
visitors, is the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace, which
happens daily.

As the great dome of St Paul's reflects the colours of the
setting sun, London comes alive with an unrivalled nightlife. For
those up for something more energetic than dinner and the West End
musicals and theatre, London has a vast number of bars and
nightclubs catering to all tastes.

London (Greenwich)

Whether you arrive in London via the underground or inside one
of the city's ubiquitous black taxicabs, you will immediately be
greeted by a deep sense of history and met with the unique vibrancy
of this incredible destination.

In its dark and troubled past, the city of London has survived
Roman occupancy, sackings from the Celts, Romans, Vikings and
Saxons, a Norman invasion, two great fires, the bubonic plague and
Nazi bombings. This resilient and proud city promises something for
everyone and is one of the most iconic tourist destinations.

The London Eye lifts visitors high above the river into
stretching urban vistas. Further down on the South Bank, the Tate
Modern contains one of the world's most incredible collections of
Modern Art, while the city's 30,000 stores and boutiques will
exhaust even the most avid shopper, and its 6,000 restaurants are
only too eager to demonstrate why Britons revere their chefs as
celebrities.

For those interested in exploring the country's heritage, the
Tower of London is an excellent starting-point. First constructed
in the 11th century, the Tower has been rebuilt several times as
later monarchs have left their mark. Still one of London's biggest
attractions, and a great celebration of pomp that is free to all
visitors, is the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace, which
happens daily.

As the great dome of St Paul's reflects the colours of the
setting sun, London comes alive with an unrivalled nightlife. For
those up for something more energetic than dinner and the West End
musicals and theatre, London has a vast number of bars and
nightclubs catering to all tastes.

Amsterdam

Amsterdam wears two faces. On one, it beckons youth with its
notorious Red Light District and liberal views around marijuana
use. On the other, it offers discerning travellers some of Europe's
finest museums and art galleries. Its house boats, bicycles,
cobbled streets, and quaint canals are a visual treat.

For tourists, Amsterdam's compactness is a plus. The old part of
town is a story-book setting of narrow lanes, gabled houses and
ancient bridges, and a pleasure to explore on foot. Visitors can
shop boutiques for souvenirs such as Delft china or wooden clogs,
or relax at cosy bars and pavement cafes.

At night even the most conservative visitors are drawn to the
Red Light District's lively atmosphere, where prostitutes stand in
shop windows and touts encourage passers-by to view raunchy
floorshows. For the most part, travellers will find the best bars
in the bustling Leidesplein and Rembrandtplein.