Cultural Horizons of Taiwan
& Japan's Southern Islands

Hong Kong

It is hard to believe that what was once a
sleepy, sparsely populated area of farmland and fishing villages
has now become arguably the world's most influential financial
capital and commercial port. Past and present fuse in Hong Kong to
create a capitalist utopia embedded within the world's largest
communist country. There is nowhere on earth quite like Hong Kong,
which is reason enough for anyone to travel here.

The city, or 'Central' as it has become
known, sits on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, the tourist
capital and the original territory colonised by the British.
Central is backed by the green hills of Victoria Peak and looks out
over Victoria Harbour, home to annual firework displays and
promenades forming natural meeting points for tourists and locals
alike.

The city of Hong Kong, despite its
surviving traditional enclaves, feels delightfully futuristic. The
vast majority of the more than 350 skyscrapers in Hong Kong are
concentrated in Central, and this glittering night-time skyline is
one of the most iconic in the world. The speed of modernisation and
construction means that few colonial buildings now remain, with the
oldest surviving being Flagstaff House, dating back to 1846 and now
home to the Museum of Tea Ware.

Hong Kong is a booming business hub, a
fashion centre and a celebrated foodie destination. The diversity
of its population and cultural influences add hugely to its unique
appeal. In addition to all its impressive sightseeing attractions
visitors will be happy to discover just how well everything works.
Most notably, the efficient transport system makes getting around a
pleasure.

Hong Kong

It is hard to believe that what was once a
sleepy, sparsely populated area of farmland and fishing villages
has now become arguably the world's most influential financial
capital and commercial port. Past and present fuse in Hong Kong to
create a capitalist utopia embedded within the world's largest
communist country. There is nowhere on earth quite like Hong Kong,
which is reason enough for anyone to travel here.

The city, or 'Central' as it has become
known, sits on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, the tourist
capital and the original territory colonised by the British.
Central is backed by the green hills of Victoria Peak and looks out
over Victoria Harbour, home to annual firework displays and
promenades forming natural meeting points for tourists and locals
alike.

The city of Hong Kong, despite its
surviving traditional enclaves, feels delightfully futuristic. The
vast majority of the more than 350 skyscrapers in Hong Kong are
concentrated in Central, and this glittering night-time skyline is
one of the most iconic in the world. The speed of modernisation and
construction means that few colonial buildings now remain, with the
oldest surviving being Flagstaff House, dating back to 1846 and now
home to the Museum of Tea Ware.

Hong Kong is a booming business hub, a
fashion centre and a celebrated foodie destination. The diversity
of its population and cultural influences add hugely to its unique
appeal. In addition to all its impressive sightseeing attractions
visitors will be happy to discover just how well everything works.
Most notably, the efficient transport system makes getting around a
pleasure.

Keelung (Chilung)

Keelung, also known as Keelung City, is a bustling port city situated in northern Taiwan. With a convenient location just 25 kilometers northeast of Taipei, it serves as a gateway to the island's beautiful northeastern coast. Known for its vibrant street food scene, stunning natural scenery, and rich cultural heritage, Keelung is a popular destination for both locals and tourists alike.

One of the main attractions in Keelung is its historic district, which showcases the city's cultural legacy. Here, visitors can explore the lively streets filled with traditional Taiwanese architecture, temples, and small shops. Of particular interest is the renowned Miaokou Night Market, known for its delectable array of local snacks and fresh seafood. From oyster omelets to braised pork rice, this market is a food lover's paradise.

For those seeking a tranquil outdoor experience, Keelung's coastline is a must-visit. One of the most famous landmarks is the Yehliu Geopark, where visitors can marvel at unique rock formations created by thousands of years of erosion. The most iconic rock formation is "Queen's Head," which resembles the profile of Queen Elizabeth. Additionally, the nearby Keelung Islet offers hiking opportunities and panoramic views of the coast.

Another highlight of Keelung is its vibrant festival scene. The annual Ghost Festival, held in August, is one of the city's most significant celebrations. During this time, elaborate ceremonies and processions take place to honor ancestors and appease wandering spirits. The festival is known for its impressive parade featuring traditional music, dance performances, and colorful costumes.

In addition to its cultural and natural attractions, Keelung is also home to several modern landmarks. The Keelung Harbor is one of the largest and busiest ports in Taiwan, making it a hub for international trade. Visitors can take a boat tour of the harbor to get a closer look at the industrial activities and enjoy panoramic views of the city skyline.

Shopaholics will find joy in exploring the Zhongzheng Road Shopping Area, where an array of shops, boutiques, and department stores offer a wide range of goods. From trendy fashion to local handicrafts, there is something for everyone's tastes and budgets. The shopping district is also home to vibrant street performances and events, adding to the lively atmosphere.

For those interested in Taiwan's naval history, a visit to the Maritime Plaza is a must. This open-air museum showcases a collection of naval artifacts and displays, providing insights into Taiwan's maritime traditions and history. The museum also features an observation deck, offering panoramic views of the harbor and Keelung's surrounding mountains.

Getting around Keelung is convenient, thanks to its well-connected transportation system. The city has a comprehensive network of buses and taxis, making it easy to travel to different attractions. Additionally, a railway line provides easy access to Taipei and other parts of Taiwan.

In terms of weather, Keelung has a subtropical climate with mild temperatures throughout the year. However, it is known for its frequent rainfall, so visitors are advised to pack an umbrella or raincoat when exploring the city.

In conclusion, Keelung is a vibrant and diverse city that offers a mix of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and a bustling cityscape. Whether you're interested in exploring its historic streets, indulging in mouthwatering street food, or enjoying breathtaking coastal landscapes, Keelung has something for everyone.

Ishigaki

Ishigaki is a picturesque island located in the Yaeyama archipelago of Okinawa, Japan. With its pristine beaches, turquoise waters, and lush greenery, Ishigaki is a tropical paradise that attracts travelers from all over the world. From its traditional culture and fascinating history to its thrilling outdoor activities and delectable cuisine, there is something for everyone on this enchanting island.

One of the main highlights of Ishigaki is its stunning beaches. Kabira Bay, with its crystal-clear waters and white sands, is a must-visit spot for snorkeling, diving, or simply relaxing under the sun. Yonehara Beach, known for its vibrant coral reefs, is a popular spot for snorkelers and divers as well. Whether you want to swim with colorful fish, explore underwater caves, or simply unwind with a book on the beach, Ishigaki's beaches offer a perfect escape from the hustle and bustle of daily life.

For those interested in exploring the island's rich cultural heritage, Ishigaki offers several unique experiences. The Yaeyama Museum provides insight into the history, traditions, and natural environment of the Yaeyama Islands. Visitors can learn about the island's indigenous people, their ancient rituals, and the influence of neighboring countries on the island's development. Another cultural highlight is the traditional Ryukyuan dance and music performances held at various venues across the island. Immerse yourself in the captivating rhythms and graceful movements of local artists, and gain a deeper understanding of Ishigaki's cultural heritage.

Nature lovers will be delighted by the wealth of outdoor activities available on Ishigaki. Mount Nosoko offers breathtaking views of the island, and hiking enthusiasts can enjoy the scenic trails that lead to its summit. The island's mangrove forests are a haven for wildlife and can be explored by kayak or canoe. Ishigaki also serves as a gateway to the awe-inspiring Iriomote Island, part of the Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park. Here, you can embark on thrilling jungle treks, discover hidden waterfalls, and even spot rare species such as the Iriomote wildcat.

No trip to Ishigaki would be complete without savoring its delightful cuisine. Ishigaki beef, known for its premium quality and flavor, is a must-try for meat lovers. The island's proximity to the sea ensures an abundance of fresh seafood, including the famous Yaeyama soba noodles, which are made from locally grown flour and served with a variety of toppings. Don't forget to pair your meal with a glass of awamori, a traditional distilled rice liquor unique to Okinawa.

Accessibility to Ishigaki is relatively easy, with regular flights from major cities in Japan, as well as direct flights from select international destinations. The island offers a range of accommodations, from luxury resorts with stunning ocean views to cozy guesthouses and traditional Ryokans, where you can experience Japanese hospitality at its finest.

With its natural beauty, rich culture, and exciting activities, Ishigaki is an idyllic destination for both relaxation and adventure. Whether you prefer to unwind on pristine beaches, immerse yourself in local traditions, or explore the island's untouched nature, Ishigaki offers a truly unforgettable experience that will leave you with memories to cherish for a lifetime.

Naha, Okinawa

Naha is the vibrant capital city of Okinawa Prefecture, located in the southernmost part of Japan. With a population of around 320,000, it is the largest city in Okinawa and serves as the cultural, economic, and political hub of the region. Naha is a popular destination for both domestic and international travelers, offering a perfect blend of history, culture, and natural beauty.

One of the highlights of Naha is its rich cultural heritage. The city is home to numerous historical sites and landmarks that reflect its unique past. Shuri Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a must-visit attraction. This beautifully restored castle was once the royal residence of the Ryukyu Kingdom and offers a glimpse into Okinawa's royal history. The nearby Shuri Castle Park is also worth exploring, with lush gardens and panoramic views of the city.

Another significant historical site in Naha is the Okinawa Prefectural Museum & Art Museum. This museum houses a vast collection of artifacts, artwork, and exhibits that showcase the history, culture, and art of Okinawa. Visitors can learn about the Ryukyu Kingdom, traditional crafts, and local customs. The museum also features rotating exhibitions, showcasing contemporary art and international works.

For those interested in delving deeper into Okinawan culture, a visit to the Makishi Public Market is a must. This bustling market offers a vibrant atmosphere, where locals gather to buy fresh produce, seafood, and traditional goods. Visitors can try local delicacies like soki soba (Okinawan noodle dish), tsubu-jiru (miso soup with clams), and goya champuru (stir-fried bitter melon).

Naha is also known for its stunning natural beauty. One of the most famous landmarks is the Naminoue Beach, located just a short drive from the city center. With its crystal-clear waters and soft white sand, this beach offers a perfect spot for relaxation and water activities like snorkeling and swimming. Nearby is the Naminoue Shrine, a beautiful Shinto shrine perched on a hilltop, offering panoramic views of the ocean.

Another natural wonder near Naha is the Tamaudun Mausoleum. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is the royal mausoleum of the Ryukyu Kingdom and dates back to the 16th century. The tranquil grounds house three main tombs and offer visitors a serene atmosphere to explore and learn about Okinawa's royal history.

Aside from its historical and cultural attractions, Naha also offers modern amenities and entertainment options. The bustling Kokusai Street is a lively shopping district filled with shops, restaurants, and entertainment venues. Visitors can find both traditional and modern souvenirs, sample local street food, and immerse themselves in the lively atmosphere. The nearby Palette Kumoji shopping area also offers a variety of local and international brands.

Naha provides easy access to the rest of Okinawa, with its well-connected transportation system. The Naha Airport serves as a hub for domestic and international flights, making it convenient for travelers to reach the city. Additionally, public transportation within the city, such as buses and monorail, allows for easy exploration of Naha and its surrounding areas.

In summary, Naha offers a perfect blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. From exploring ancient castles and temples to enjoying pristine beaches and indulging in local cuisine, this vibrant city has something for every traveler. Whether you are interested in history, culture, or simply seeking a relaxing beach getaway, Naha will not disappoint.

Zamami

Maedomari/Iheya

Naze, Amani Oshima

Yakushima

Yakushima is a stunning island located in the southernmost part of Japan, known for its natural beauty and ancient cedar forests. Situated in the Kagoshima prefecture, Yakushima is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular destination for nature lovers, hikers, and outdoor enthusiasts.

One of the highlights of Yakushima is its dense and ancient cedar forests. These forests are home to some of the oldest trees in Japan, with some estimated to be over 1,000 years old. The most famous tree, Jomon Sugi, is believed to be around 7,200 years old and attracts visitors from all over the world. Hiking through these majestic forests is a once-in-a-lifetime experience, with well-maintained trails offering different levels of difficulty and stunning panoramic views.

For those interested in engaging with nature, Yakushima also offers numerous waterfalls and rivers to explore. Okonotaki Falls, located in the heart of the island, is a breathtaking sight and is accessible via a short hike through the forest. Senpiro Falls is another impressive waterfall, known for its beauty and tranquility. These serene spots provide an opportunity to connect with the island's natural surroundings and offer excellent opportunities for photography and relaxation.

Yakushima is a paradise for bird watchers and wildlife enthusiasts. The island is home to a variety of endemic bird species, such as the Yakushika Pheasant and Izu Thrush. Visitors may even have a chance to spot the Iriomote wildcat, a critically endangered species that can only be found on Yakushima and Iriomote Island. The island is also inhabited by several species of sea turtles, making it an ideal destination for those interested in marine wildlife.

Aside from its natural wonders, Yakushima also offers cultural and historical attractions. The Yakusugi Museum provides interesting insights into the island's history and showcases the importance of cedar trees in Yakushima's culture and economy. Visitors can learn about the island's logging industry, traditional crafts, and sustainable forestry practices. The island also features several small traditional villages where visitors can experience the local way of life and sample regional delicacies.

The island's climate is generally mild, with cool temperatures even in the summer. However, it is worth noting that Yakushima is known for its heavy rainfall, with some parts of the island experiencing precipitation for more than 35 days a month. Packing appropriate rain gear is essential, especially for those planning to hike or spend time outdoors.

Yakushima can be accessed by domestic flights from Tokyo or Osaka to Kagoshima Airport, followed by a ferry ride to the island. There are also direct flights available from major cities in Japan to Yakushima Airport. Once on the island, public transportation options are limited, and it is recommended to rent a car or hire a guide to fully explore the island.

In conclusion, Yakushima offers a unique and enchanting experience for nature lovers and adventure seekers. From its ancient cedar forests and scenic waterfalls to its diverse wildlife and cultural attractions, the island captivates visitors with its beauty and tranquility. Whether you are hiking through the forests, bird watching, or immersing yourself in its rich history, Yakushima is sure to leave a lasting impression.

Beppu, Kyushu Island, Oita

The lantern-lit hot springs of Beppu is a town that’s prettier than a picture. The town is found in a particularly volcanically active part of Japan (hence the abundance of hot springs, or in Japanese, onsens).  As if the gorgeous palette of colours at the onsen was not enough, Beppu is also world famous for its Sakura, or cherry blossom season. More than 2,000 cherry trees near the base of the ropeway to Mount Tsurumi make for one of Beppu’s most impressive hanami (flower viewing) spots.

Hiroshima

Hiroshima is the main city of the Chugoku Region on
Japan's main island Honshu. On 6 August 1945, it became the first
ever target of an atomic bomb. Early in the morning, three United
States B-29 bombers flew in from the northeast; one dropped its
bomb over the centre of the city, killing 140,000 civilians.

Today, millions of visitors make a pilgrimage to
Hiroshima's Peace Memorial Park to pay tribute to the victims, but
also to marvel at the lively modern city that has overcome its
tragedy to become the thriving home of more than a million people.
Not surprisingly, the city has become vehemently engaged in the
promotion of peace, and American visitors are welcomed with open
arms along with foreigners of all other nationalities.

Visitors are drawn mainly to the Peace Memorial Park
and its museum, but the rebuilt city is an attractive place to
visit in its own right, criss-crossed by rivers and wide avenues
and containing several good museums. Nearby are some of Japan's
most scenic excursion destinations, making Hiroshima a good base
for explorations into the countryside.

Tamano

Japan is an isolated archipelago off the coast of mainland China, Russia, and Korea, separated from its Asian neighbours by the Sea of Japan. Between 1639 and 1859, Japan elected to cut itself off from trade or traffic with the rest of the world, except for marginal contact through the southern Kyushu island ports.

Since reopening up its doors around 150 years ago, the densely populated islands have developed in leaps and bounds and much of the country is now covered by sprawling neon-lit cities and the world's most sophisticated public transport networks.

Modern it may be, but Japan still retains plenty of its mystical oriental charm. From the intricacies of etiquette demanded in social situations, to the minimalist décor behind rice paper screens, traditional Japanese culture is alive and well, making a visit to Japan a fascinating experience.

The modern metropolises are dotted with numerous ancient shrines and temples, while the countryside is riddled with hundreds of volcanoes and hot springs overlooking pastoral paddy fields. Parks are festooned with rigidly raked white gravel Zen gardens or coated with layers of lilac and cherry blossom.

Japan's islands are mountainous in the interior - 75 percent of the country's landmass is made up of mountains - and most of the people are tightly packed within the limitations of the coastal plains, particularly on the main island of Honshu. Tokyo, the capital and largest city, situated on Honshu's east coast, has a population of 12 million.

Despite this huge mass of humanity, Japan is well ordered. Everything runs on time, and crime levels are almost non-existent. It is still possible to find beautiful vistas and wide empty spaces in the countryside, and when you are forced to mingle with the urban throngs you will find the Japanese to be charming, courteous, and friendly to foreign faces.

Takamatsu

Takamatsu is a beautiful city located in the Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, Japan. With its rich history, vibrant cultural scene, and stunning natural beauty, Takamatsu is a must-visit destination for travelers.

Takamatsu is most famous for its breathtaking gardens. The Ritsurin Garden, one of Japan's most beautiful gardens, is a designated Special Place of Scenic Beauty and offers visitors a tranquil oasis to explore. The garden boasts a variety of ponds, mountains, and carefully manicured trees, making it a picturesque location for a leisurely stroll or a traditional tea ceremony.

Another must-visit garden in Takamatsu is the Yuushien Garden. This garden is particularly renowned for its stunning peony flowers, which bloom in a variety of vibrant colors during springtime. The garden also features a traditional tea house, where visitors can enjoy a traditional Japanese tea ceremony in a serene setting.

In addition to its gardens, Takamatsu is home to several historical landmarks. One of the most significant is Takamatsu Castle, also known as Tamamo Castle. Although only a few of the original buildings remain, the castle offers panoramic views of the city and the Seto Inland Sea. Visitors can explore the castle grounds, view historical artifacts, and learn about the castle's history at the museum located within the premises.

Art enthusiasts will find plenty to appreciate in Takamatsu. The city is renowned for its contemporary art scene, which can be experienced at the Kagawa Prefectural Hall building that includes the Kagawa Museum and the Setouchi Triennale Museum. The Triennale is a prestigious contemporary art festival that takes place every three years and features installations and exhibits by both local and international artists.

Takamatsu also offers a unique culinary experience. Sanuki udon, a type of thick wheat noodle, is a local specialty. Numerous restaurants and street vendors throughout the city offer delicious variations of this dish, allowing visitors to savor the authentic flavors of Takamatsu. Other local delicacies include freshly caught seafood, especially eel and sea bream, as well as local vegetables and fruits unique to the region.

For those seeking outdoor adventure, Takamatsu does not disappoint. The nearby Seto Inland Sea provides ample opportunities for water sports such as kayaking, paddleboarding, and sailing. The Yashima Plateau, located just outside the city, offers hiking trails with stunning views of the surrounding countryside. Visitors can also take a scenic cable car ride to the top of Mount Yashima for panoramic views of the city and the Seto Inland Sea.

Getting around Takamatsu is easy thanks to its efficient public transportation system. The city has a well-developed bus network, and a tram system, known as the Kotoden, which connects major tourist attractions and shopping areas. It is also possible to rent bicycles and explore the city at a leisurely pace.

In terms of accommodations, Takamatsu offers a range of options to suit different budgets and preferences. From luxury hotels and traditional Japanese ryokans to budget-friendly guesthouses and hostels, there is something for everyone. Many of these accommodations provide warm hospitality and comfortable amenities, ensuring a pleasant stay for visitors.

In conclusion, Takamatsu is a destination that offers a perfect blend of culture, history, natural beauty, and culinary delights. Whether you are a garden enthusiast, an art lover, an adventure seeker, or simply someone who wishes to immerse themselves in the charm of Japan, Takamatsu has something to offer. With its warm hospitality and easy accessibility, a trip to Takamatsu is sure to be a memorable experience.

Osaka

Japan's third largest city, the industrial metropolis of Osaka
lies just 26 miles (42km) south of Kyoto. Osaka is an ancient city,
powerful in the days of the feudal lords and samurai. Now the city
is a commercial hub, focused on making money and having a good
time: it has a reputation in Japan as one of the best places to eat
and drink.

It is worthwhile visiting the city just to see the magnificent
Osaka Castle. Osaka's castle dates back to the 16th century, built
by the powerful lord Hideyoshi Toyotomi. It was rebuilt following
World War II, renovated in 1997, and is today a national
treasure.

The city has a number of other attractions, including museums
dedicated to science, wood-block printing, peace, and even ramen.
There are also a number of beautiful temples, and the famous
Bunraku Puppet Theatre. Other attractions in Osaka include an
impressive aquarium and Universal Studios Japan, a theme park
focusing on the American movie industry.

Osaka offers many of the same hardcore shopping opportunities
that Japan's other major metropolises do, with the most famous
shopping district, Shinsaibashi, offering a mixture of department
stores, fashionable boutiques, and Western stores. Nipponbashi is
the best place to go for electronics.

Osaka has a distinct cuisine, putting its unique stamp on
everything from sushi to
(street food). After dinner, head out for some
fun in one of the karaoke bars. The liveliest nightlife is found in
Dotombori.