Greeks & Byzantines

Istanbul

The splendid city of Istanbul has many unique and fascinating
features. It is the only city in the world reaching across two
continents, with its old city in Europe and modern Istanbul
situated in Asia, separated by the Bosphorus Strait. It is also
unique in having had capital status during two successive empires,
Christian Byzantine and Islamic Ottoman, and the legacy from both
is visible in the modern city today.

Istanbul's location on the water made it a much coveted site as
a commercial shipping port and military lookout, and as capital of
the Roman Empire, Constantinople, as it was known, became extremely
desirable as a centre of world trade, until Mehmet the Conqueror
claimed it for the Ottoman Empire in 1453 and it became the
imperial seat of the sultans. After the War of Independence the
capital was moved to Ankara, but Istanbul still remains the
commercial, historical, and cultural heart of Turkey today.

The charm and character of Istanbul lies in its endless variety
and jumble of contradictions. Its fascinating history has
bequeathed the city a vivid inheritance of Byzantine ruins,
splendid palaces, ancient mosques and churches, hamams
(bath-houses), and exotic bazaars. Modern Istanbul exudes trendy
bars and nightclubs, western boutiques, office blocks, and elegant
suburbs.

Kusadasi

Kusadası is a large resort town on Turkey's Aegean coast, and the centre of the seaside district of the same name within Aydın Province. Kusadası is 95 km (59 mi) south of İzmir, and about 60 km (37 mi) from Aydın. The municipality's primary industry is tourism. Kusadası is a hugely popular tourist destination due to its perfect combination of culture, amazing beaches and fantastic things to eat and do. The area features several well-known local beaches, including Ladies Beach, the beach at the centrum, the beaches between the Batıhan Hotel and the Nazilli Site, the beach at Güzelçamlı, and the Dilek Peninsula National Park beach, referred to by locals as simply Milli Park.

Piraeus

Athens exudes a unique charm through its mix of street markets,
vine-covered tavernas, souvenir stalls, ancient monuments and
high-rise buildings. For tourists, a plus is that most of the
capital's attractions are accessible by foot.

Athens was named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom.
According to mythology, she won the city after duelling against
Poseidon, god of the sea. Indeed, Athens can chart its history back
thousands of years and is regarded as the cradle of Western
civilisation. More specifically, it's democracy's birthplace, and
where philosophy, art and architecture were refined.

The city declined after the Classical Age, dwindling to nothing
but a town in the colourful area now known as the Plaka. It emerged
as independent Greece's capital in 1834.

Today, the city is bustling. And though the pollution, frantic
gridlock and dingy buildings are a striking contrast to the open
beauty of Greece's coast and islands, Athens is truly the country's
beating heart. Ancient wonders like the Acropolis, the Parthenon,
and the Temples of Zeus and Hephaestus ensure that the city will
always lure travellers.

Khania

Situated in the eastern Mediterranean, Crete is by far the
largest of the many Greek Islands and offers something for every
kinds of traveller.

The island has experienced thousands of years of conquest and
habitation and has a complicated and diverse heritage. Sightseers
can investigate the remains of the ancient Minoan culture that
flourished here thousands of years before Christ. Years of Roman,
Venetian and Turkish rule have also left their mark and there are
fascinating sights scattered throughout the island.

Its northern coastline is home to busy holiday resorts and a
wealth of powdery white beaches where couples and families come to
soak up the Mediterranean sunshine. The gateway to the island is
the large, modern city of Heraklion, which is not so much an island
idyll as a vital commercial centre. Other major holiday resorts in
Greece include nearby Malia, lively Agios Nikolaos, Rethymnon with
its lovely old town, and Chania, to the west, which known for its
14th-century Venetian harbour and waterfront restaurants.

The wild interior of Crete offers some spectacular mountain
scenery drives and many opportunities for hikers and serious
cyclists. The White Mountains in the west soar to over 2000m, while
the more gentle mountains in the east hide the extraordinary
Lasithi plateau in their midst, which is dotted with white
windmills. The south coast of Crete is much more remote and rugged
than the north. It is crisscrossed with gorges and dotted with
unspoilt villages, pretty coves, and secluded beaches.

Argostoli

Argostoli is the capital and main port of the island of Cephalonia, in the Ionian Islands. It is also the administrative centre of the Argostolion municipal unit. The town has a population of 11,366 inhabitants (2011 census) and is the largest settlement on the island. The Argostoli area occupies roughly the central third of the island, and contains a number of important archaeological sites from throughout Cephalonia's history. The town's name is derived from the two Greek words argos (αργός) meaning "white", and stolos (στόλος) meaning "pillar", referring to the white limestone cliffs that surround the town.

Argostoli is located on the east coast of Cephalonia, on the site of an ancient settlement called Krani. The town is built around a natural harbour, and is the only port on the island. The main port area is located to the north of the town centre, and includes a number of quays and jetties. The town centre is located to the south of the port, and includes a number of shops, cafes, restaurants and bars. The town's main square, Plateia Valydon, is located in the centre of town.

Argostoli has a Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The town is located in a seismically active area, and has been subject to a number of earthquakes over the years.

Argostoli is an important tourist destination, and the town's main street is lined with a number of hotels, restaurants and cafes. The town's museums and archaeological sites are also popular with tourists. Argostoli is served by Cephalonia International Airport, which is located to the south of the town.

Kotor

Tourists to Montenegro will most likely spend the bulk of their
time exploring the small Balkan country's natural landscape. From
snowy peaks to tall pine forests, from the coastlines to the
fjords, Montenegro is an outdoor lover's dream come true.

However, for those looking to get to grips with the culture of
Montenegro, the medieval city of Kotor is certainly the place to
visit, especially in recent years as Montenegro has swiftly
established itself as one of Europe's top tourist destinations.

It's not hard to see why this is. The surrounding Mediterranean
coastline, with its limestone cliffs and thick vegetation, is
punctuated by the port of Kotor, which in turn is surrounded by
city walls that were built by the Republic of Venice. These
ramparted and bastioned city walls, together with the
Venetian-inspired old city, are a designated UNESCO World Heritage
Site, and lauded for their role in the diffusion of Mediterranean
culture in the Balkan region.

A small city, with a population of just under 14,000 permanent
inhabitants, Kotor is a wonderful place to navigate on foot,
soaking up the scenery and admiring the medieval buildings. In
terms of tourist sights, the Maritime Museum is a must-visit
attraction, as is the Cathedral of Saint Tryphon (built in 1166)
and the Church of Our Lady of Health, which is located on a small
promontory overlooking Kotor and provides unbeatable views of the
bright blue Adriatic Sea beneath.

Dubrovnik

This unique Adriatic port has been luring
travellers for centuries, known for its luxury accommodation,
excellent cuisine and beautiful surroundings. From a turbulent
history during which it was occupied and conquered by a succession
of neighbouring European powers, Dubrovnik has emerged as a city at
peace, allowing visitors to make the most of its historic
architecture, white pebble beaches and crystal-clear ocean
waters.

The Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage
Site, dating from the 7th century. Its 13-century walls enclose
well-preserved buildings representing a cross-section of Baroque,
Gothic and Renaissance architecture, while Onofrio's Fountain is
one of Dubrovnik's most famous landmarks, found just inside the
main entrance to the old city at Pile Gate.

The centre of the Old Town is its main
street called the Stradun, which was originally a channel
separating an island from the mainland. It was filled in to join
two towns into the merged city of Dubrovnik.

There are many churches, monasteries and
museums to explore, while the Old Town boasts plenty of
restaurants, bars and shops. The coastal belt is awash with pretty
marinas, coves and promenades, while most hotels and the best
beaches are located northwest of the Old Town, at Lapad, or in
Ploce to the northeast.

Dubrovnik is a favourite on European cruise
itineraries and many tourists arrive by sea, ferrying in to the
charming old port. Although Dubrovnik will delight cruise
passengers with only a few hours to kill, it's incredibly rich in
history and culture and can easily occupy travellers for days. The
city is also well situated as a travel hub for exploring the
villages and islands dotted along the dramatic Dalmatian Coast of
Croatia.

Split

The pretty city of Split has a rich
history. Since ancient times, it has served in various guises as
the economic and administrative centre of the beautiful Croatian
Adriatic coastal region, today called Dalmatia.

The city is mainly sprawled on a peninsula
on the eastern part of the island of Ciovo, although it has spread
onto the mainland and encompasses the mouth of the River Cetina.
From the 5th to the 2nd century BC, Greek colonists settled the
mainland and adjacent islands.

Later came the Romans, in particular the
Emperor Diocletian. Being of Dalmatian origin, he elected to build
a huge palace at a spot then called Salona in the year 303 AD. A
town grew around the palace and by the Middle Ages, the city of
Split had begun to develop.

Diocletian's Palace still stands in the
very heart of the old quarter of Split, charming visitors with its
cobbled streets and classical architecture. The greater region is
characterised by lush vegetation and verdant greenery, particularly
Marjan Hill on the west of the peninsula with its ancient
indigenous forest.

The city makes an ideal base from which to
explore the wondrous islands, beautiful locations and historic
villages in central Dalmatia. Split is also world renowned among
seafarers for the quality of its some 44 marinas, drawing yachts
and catamarans from all over Europe and making it a great cruising
destination in the Adriatic.

Koper

Today a port town surrounded by industrial suburbs, Koper nevertheless warrants a visit. The Republic of Venice made Koper the regional capital during the 15th and 16th centuries, and the magnificent architecture of the Old Town bears witness to the spirit of those times.The most important buildings are clustered around Titov trg, the central town square. Here stands the Cathedral, which can be visited daily from 7 to noon and 3 to 7, with its fine Venetian Gothic facade and bell tower dating back to 1664. Across the square the splendid Praetor's Palace, formerly the seat of the Venetian Grand Council, combines Gothic and Renaissance styles. From the west side of Titov trg, the narrow, cobbled Kidriceva ulica brings you down to the seafront.

Trieste

Trieste is a city in northeastern Italy. It is located in the far east of the country, on the border with Slovenia. The city has a long history, dating back to ancient times. It was once a major center of trade and commerce, and was even ruled by the Austro-Hungarian Empire for many years. Today, Trieste is a thriving city with a vibrant culture and a beautiful setting. The city is home to a number of excellent museums, galleries, and other cultural attractions. There is also a lively nightlife scene, with a variety of bars and clubs to enjoy. Trieste is an ideal destination for those who want to experience the best of Italian culture and cuisine.