Emirates & Empires

Singapore

Beguiling Singapore is a modern city-state embracing economic
progress against the backdrop of age-old tradition. Many business
people and holidaymakers travel to Singapore on their way to the
Far East, or as a stop-off between Australia and Europe, and are
eager to see and experience this legendary hi-tech Asian city,
which combines traditional enclaves with the towering steel and
cement of a cosmopolitan international power-house. The customs
that underpin community life emerge out of a cultural mix that
includes predominantly Chinese, Indian and Malay ethnic groups.

Singapore is an island off the southern tip of Malaysia, linked
to it by a causeway. It evolved from a sleepy fishing village in
the early 1900s to become one of Asia's economic tigers. Sir Thomas
Stamford Raffles landed on Singapore's northern bank in 1819,
quickly identifying a strategic trading location. Singapore's rural
landscape was transformed by British colonial rule, Japanese
occupation, Communist insurrection and finally, independence. Since
becoming a republic in 1965 the island has experienced increased
prosperity and exponential economic growth. Shimmering skyscrapers
tower above the slick financial districts and elegant colonial
buildings preserve a lingering old-world charm.

Singapore's full calendar of events showcases a spectrum of
cultural celebrations and shopping activities. The early summer
months bustle in anticipation of the Singapore Sale - a time when
tourists can cash in on the competitive prices of electronic
equipment, jewellery and other merchandise. The business activity
thrives amid the celebration of Chinese, Hindu and Muslim festivals
that punctuate the year with their colourful representations. These
include the Chinese New Year, Ramadan, Hari Raya Puasa, Vesak Day,
the Dragon Boat Festival, Festival of the Hungry Ghosts and
Thaipusam.

The core of downtown Singapore is formed by the Colonial
District, embellished by cathedrals and cricket lawns. The notable
sites of the area include the Empress Place Building and the
luxurious Raffles Hotel. Although most of old Singapore has been
demolished to make way for the modern city, many major landmarks
within the Colonial District have been preserved. The surrounding
ethnic enclaves of Little India, Chinatown and the Arab Quarter
also provide glimpses into the traditions that have sustained their
respective communities through the centuries.

Port Klang

Port Klang is a bustling port town located in the state of Selangor in Malaysia. It serves as the main gateway for cargo entering and leaving the country, making it an important economic and trade hub. While it may not be the most popular tourist destination in Malaysia, Port Klang offers a unique glimpse into the country's maritime industry and a chance to experience local Malay culture.

One of the main attractions in Port Klang is the Port Klang Heritage Walk. This self-guided walking tour takes visitors through the town's historical quarters, showcasing its rich cultural heritage. The walk includes visits to iconic landmarks such as the Royal Gallery, where visitors can learn about the history of the Selangor Sultanate, and the Sri Sunderaraja Perumal Temple, a Hindu temple known for its beautiful architecture.

For those interested in the maritime industry, a visit to Port Klang's Container Terminal is a must. Here, visitors can witness the hustle and bustle of cargo being loaded and unloaded onto massive container ships. There are also guided tours available, providing insights into the operations of one of the busiest ports in Southeast Asia.

Nature enthusiasts can explore the nearby Pulau Indah, an island located off the coast of Port Klang. Pulau Indah offers scenic views, mangrove forests, and a variety of outdoor recreational activities such as fishing and bird watching. The island is also home to the Port Klang Cruise Terminal, where luxury cruise ships dock, providing opportunities for day-trippers to indulge in shopping and dining at the terminal's retail outlets and restaurants.

Food lovers will be delighted to discover the diverse culinary scene in Port Klang. The town is famous for its fresh seafood, with numerous seafood restaurants lining the waterfront. Visitors can enjoy a wide array of Malaysian dishes such as grilled fish, prawns, and crabs, served in various styles including Chinese, Malay, and Indian. Additionally, there are local street food stalls offering appetizing snacks and delicacies like the popular bak kut teh, a pork bone soup infused with fragrant herbs and spices.

Port Klang is well-connected to the rest of Malaysia, making it easily accessible for travelers. The town is located approximately 40 kilometers southwest of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia's capital city, and is connected via a network of highways and public transportation options. The nearest airport is Kuala Lumpur International Airport, which is about an hour's drive from Port Klang.

In terms of accommodation, there are several hotels and guesthouses available in Port Klang to suit different budgets and preferences. Visitors can choose to stay in the heart of the town or opt for accommodations near the waterfront, offering picturesque views of the port.

Overall, Port Klang may not be a typical tourist destination, but it offers a unique and authentic experience for those interested in Malaysia's maritime industry and local culture. With its rich history, vibrant culinary scene, and natural beauty, Port Klang has something to offer every traveler.

Georgetown, Penang

Penang, often referred to as the "Pearl of the Orient," is an island-state off the northwestern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It's a must-see destination for any travel enthusiast, steeped in history, imbued with multicultural heritage, and renowned for its delicious food.

Penang is divided into two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the mainland. George Town is a UNESCO World Heritage site with a rich colonial past and well-preserved buildings. Its captivating architecture consists of British colonial buildings, Chinese shophouses, and mosques, temples and churches of various faiths. Walking through its vibrant streets is like taking a step back in time.

One significant icon of Penang is the colourful street art scattered around its historic streets. You can spend hours strolling around George Town seeking out the artworks, photographs, and iron-rod caricatures that reflect Penang’s history and culture. A few popular art pieces are Kids on Bicycle, Brother and Sister on a Swing, and Old Motorcycle.

However, Penang is not just about the old. It has striking modern landmarks such as Komtar, Penang's tallest building that comprises malls, offices, and entertainment spots. In addition to that, Penang also offers a range of natural attractions including Batu Ferringhi's sun-kissed beaches and the breathtaking views from Penang Hill. The hill rises about 800 meters above sea level, on clear days offering a panorama of the island and beyond.

Known as Malaysia's 'Food Paradise', Penang draws food lovers from all over the world. The local cuisine reflects the fusion of the many different cultures that arrived in Penang throughout its history. From the famous Penang Laksa to Char Koay Teow and Nasi Kandar, each dish offers a unique taste that leaves a lasting impression. 

A visit to Penang would be incomplete without exploring its markets and bazaars. From local fruits, traditional snacks, to handmade crafts, these markets are a shopper’s delight. The Clan Jetties, a series of water villages built by Chinese immigrants, is another fascinating spot to visiting, giving us a glimpse into the descendants' way of life.

Indeed, Penang's allure lies in its unique blend of modernity and tradition, evident in its physical landscape, food, and people. Its multiracial harmony, forged over centuries, has shaped a community rich in culture and traditions. You can witness Penang's cultural diversity in its numerous festivals celebrated by different communities throughout the year.

Visiting Penang is to immerse oneself in a true cultural melting pot, bursting with vibrant colours, sounds and tastes. This little island offers a wealth of experiences that, once tasted, are never forgotten, leaving visitors longing to return for more.

Langkawi Island

Langkawi is an archipelago of many islands on Malaysia’s west coast. Surrounded by blue sea, the main island is a mixture of picturesque paddy fields and panoramic jungle-clad hills. Beach lovers will find the island a paradise with the shoreline fringed by powder-fine sand and swaying coconut trees.

The island is globally recognised for its excellent diving opportunities and this tropical gem hides a wide range of other exciting holiday opportunities. From the expansive Underwater World Langkawi along Pantai Cenang to the soaring Cable Car in Pantai Kok, Langkawi is an electrifying locale that keeps visitors coming back for more.

Phuket

Located in the Andaman Sea off Thailand's west coast, the
holiday hub of Phuket, or the 'Pearl of the South' as it has become
known, is connected to the mainland by the Sarasin Bridge. Along
with being Thailand's largest island, Phuket has an incredibly
diverse list of attractions, which include rocky and sandy beaches,
tall cliffs, forests, waterfalls, and temples.

Phuket caters to all, with accommodation options that range from
backpackers and simple guesthouses to modern luxury hotels, though
beachfront bungalows on unspoilt stretches of white sand are more
rare now than they used to be. There are numerous activities in or
near the destination, including mountain biking, bungee jumping,
and golf, and it is even possible to go elephant trekking. A
variety of tours offer day trips to the cliffs of nearby Phang Nga
Bay, Koh Phi Phi, and the beaches and islands around Krabi. Several
offshore islands are good for snorkelling and scuba diving. Phuket
also has a huge variety of goods and shopping establishments, from
markets and street stalls to department stores and specialist
shops, and a range of restaurants that includes Thai seafood,
Indian and Western cuisine.

The island's airport makes it easy to get to and from Bangkok
and, though thousands of tourists visit in peak season, Phuket's
sheer size allows travellers to escape from the madding crowds.
Patong Beach is the island's most famous and developed beach
resort, and offers a wide choice of holiday activities, dining
options, and nightlife. It is situated nine miles (15km) from
Phuket City.

Colombo

Sri Lanka's capital is a vibrant and interesting collage of
cultural and historical influences with some very pretty
neighbourhoods. This bustling city is built along the coast and is
close to many of the country's greatest holiday destinations,
including Galle on the southern coast, and Kandy in the central
highlands. Colombo is not generally considered a destination in its
own right, but it is the starting point for most holidays in Sri
Lanka and has some worthy attractions.

Frenetic traffic fills the main Galle Road that runs through the
city from the district of Fort, parallel with the coast, and
connects all the suburban enclaves down to the town of Galle in the
south. Fort is the historic centre of the city and has become the
main business district, filled with shops, office blocks and
government buildings. It is here that most of the gracious old
buildings from the Dutch, Portuguese and British colonial eras can
be seen. East of Fort is the exciting Pettah bazaar district, where
the streets are crammed with shops and stalls selling all manner of
goods from vegetables to gemstones.

Further south the city's seafront is known as Galle Face Green,
where locals enjoy games of cricket, fly kites or take evening
strolls watching the sunset. Beyond this lies Colombo's upmarket
Cinammon Gardens neighbourhood, boasting elegant mansions,
tree-lined streets and the lovely Viharamaha Devi Park. The closest
beach resort to Colombo is Mount Lavinia, about six miles (10km)
from the city.

Cochin

The port city of Kochi (formerly known as Cochin) is located on
a cluster of islands and narrow peninsulas about halfway up the
Goan coastline, in the north of the state of Kerala. A favourite
destination for European tourists on package-deal tours of the
country, Kochi offers a serene and relaxed change of scenery, and a
very gentle introduction to a holiday in India.

The majority of tourists to Kochi stay in the Ernakulam
district, but the old sections of Mattancherry and Fort Cochin are
the main areas of interest. All linked by a series of ferries and
bridges, these districts are an unlikely blend of late-medieval
Portuguese, Dutch and English architecture, and are a living record
of the area's colonial history.

Near Kochi's waterfront, visitors will find a host of extremely
old and interesting religious buildings: the St Francis Church is
India's oldest European church, and held Vasco da Gama's mortal
remains for a while before they were transported to Lisbon; the
imposing 16th-century Santa Cruz Basilica, a testament to the
Portuguese occupation of the area, might feel a little out-of-place
but is still full of grandeur and is eminently photogenic; and the
oldest synagogue in the entire Commonwealth, the Paradesi
Synagogue, can be found in Kochi's 'Jew Town' area, a beautiful
white building with dark blue accents, founded in 1568. Set amid
these fascinating sights are spice markets, fish markets, and a
village green that could have been transported straight from rural
England.

Boasting many cultural sights and interesting things to do, as
well as some top-class restaurants specialising in both local and
international cuisine, the main allure of Kochi remains its serene
atmosphere and languid pace of life. It is very easy to while away
time in Kochi by simply meandering around the waterfront area,
watching fishermen unhurriedly fixing their nets by the water's
edge, and perusing the fine selection of goods presided over by
(mostly) Nepalese traders.

Kochi is also an ideal place from which to organise cruises of
Kerala's backwaters, which is one of the most popular tourist
activities in the whole of India.

Mumbai (ex Bombay)

Situated on a peninsula halfway up the west coast of India,
Mumbai (formerly Bombay) is India's economic powerhouse, and home
to more millionaires than any other city on the Indian
subcontinent. As well as being the country's financial capital,
Mumbai is also an important port, handling a third of all
international trade; and a base for many of India's largest
companies. However, among all this wealth and the Bollywood
lifestyle are cases of extreme poverty, with almost half of the 21
million-strong population living in slums.

The Portuguese established this old Hindu city as a colony in
1509. In 1661, it passed to England as part of the dowry of
Catherine of Braganza when she married Charles II, and became a
vital trading base for the East India Company and later the Crown.
The centre of Imperial Bombay, the city contains a breathtaking
array of High Victorian buildings and is reminiscent of a
prosperous 19th-century English industrial city. The fascinating
range of architectural styles reflects the British passion for the
Gothic and demonstrates the wealth, panache and confidence of
British Bombay. Prosperity has always been considered more
important than religious homogeneity in Mumbai, and this is
reflected in the range of places of worship throughout the city:
churches and cathedrals sit alongside countless mosques, and Hindu
and Buddhist temples.

Like many Indian cities, the streets of Mumbai are congested
with cattle, carts and motor vehicles, and the air is thick with
smog and the sound of horns. But despite this, the city has much to
offer, and those en route to Goa should take time to discover
Mumbai's colourful and fascinating history, as well as its vibrant,
energetic and friendly people.

Dubai

Set against the backdrop of the Arabian Desert, Dubai has grown
rapidly into a futuristic landscape of skyscrapers, man-made
islands, shopping malls and beach resorts. There is a sense of
outlandish possibility about this modern and progressive city.

Dubai has become a truly global city and influential business
hub, growing particularly fast in areas such as aviation, tourism
and real estate. Standing as testament to its success are
architectural marvels such as the Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest
building, the Burj Al Arab, widely billed as the world's only seven
star hotel, and the iconic Palm Jumeirah island, to name just a
few.

Dubai is a city of superlatives, home to the highest
skyscrapers, the fastest cars, the most luxurious hotels and the
biggest shopping malls. The enormous expatriate population, as well
as millions of tourists each year, can enjoy shopping, partying,
sunbathing and fine dining. From within these high standards of
luxury, visitors can also experience exotic Arabia in the bustling
souks of the Deira district, or a night in a Bedouin tent with
belly dancing under the starlit desert skies.

Dubai's attraction lies in the contrast between the ultra modern
and the enchantingly traditional, which gives the city a
personality like no other. From desert oases and unspoiled beaches,
camel races and old wind towers, to top-class shopping
opportunities and the finest international cuisine, Dubai has more
than enough depth to satisfy even the most seasoned of
explorers.

Abu Dhabi

The brash, bold city of Abu Dhabi is a modern marvel, capital of
the wealthy United Arab Emirates and headquarters of the world's
richest oil operating companies. The pulsating city, with
futuristic skyscrapers and wide tree-lined boulevards, is
capitalising on its sophistication, amazing duty-free shopping
zone, luxury hotels and top-class transport and communication
infrastructure to attract tourists. They come not only for the
'retail therapy' and glitz, but also to explore the fascinating
culture of the vast Abu Dhabi Emirate itself (it is the largest of
the seven Emirates), with its miles of desert and interesting
oases.

The city juts out into the Persian Gulf, with land having been
reclaimed from the sea to make way for a long seafront Corniche
lined with lush gardens and gushing fountains. It is a relatively
young city, the area having been first settled by nomadic tribesmen
in the mid-18th century. It remained little more than a fishing
village until oil was discovered in the 1950s and the financial and
trading boom began.

Today the international airport and deep water port bring in
visitors from around the world, most clutching credit cards and
cash, set on spending as much as possible in the enticing shopping
malls and buzzing souk (market). Limousines are a common sight in
the congested streets, and restaurants that offer the cuisine of
many nations do a roaring trade, especially along the waterfront.
Shopping fever is at its height during the annual Shopping
Festival. Those taking a break from modern luxury can escape to the
desert for a Bedouin feast under the stars, or a camel ride through
the dunes.

Salalah

Salalah, located in the beautiful country of Oman, is a hidden gem that boasts natural beauty, cultural richness, and historical significance. Nestled along the Arabian Sea, Salalah offers visitors a unique experience unlike any other destination in the Middle East. With its pleasant climate, lush landscapes, and welcoming locals, it's no wonder that Salalah has become a popular destination among travelers seeking an authentic Arabian experience.

One of the main highlights of Salalah is its stunning natural beauty. The city is blessed with a unique microclimate known as "khareef," which creates a lush green landscape during the monsoon season. The rolling hills, waterfalls, and a network of wadis or valleys, give Salalah a refreshing and picturesque charm. Visitors can explore the famous wadis such as Wadi Darbat and Wadi Shuwaymiyah, where they can immerse themselves in the beauty of nature by taking a walk, having a picnic, or even swimming in the crystal clear waters.

Salalah is also renowned for its pristine beaches, stretching along the coast for miles. The beaches offer visitors a chance to relax, unwind, and enjoy the warm Arabian sun. Popular beach destinations include Al-Mughsail Beach, which is known for its blowholes and rock formations, and Ayn Razat Beach, known for its tranquil turquoise waters. Whether you're looking for a quiet spot to read a book or indulge in adrenaline-pumping water sports such as snorkeling and scuba diving, Salalah's beaches have something for everyone.

In addition to its natural beauty, Salalah is steeped in cultural richness and history. The city is well-known for its annual Salalah Festival, which showcases traditional Omani music, dance, and folklore. Visitors can witness vibrant performances of the famous "Ardah" dance, traditional music concerts, and camel races. The festival offers a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in the vibrant culture of Oman and interact with locals.

For history enthusiasts, Salalah is home to numerous historical sites that showcase the city's ancient past. The most notable among them is the ancient ruins of Al-Baleed, a UNESCO World Heritage site. As you wander through the impressive remains of the ancient port city, you can envision life in the past and explore the museum that houses artifacts from the region's rich maritime history.

Salalah also offers a variety of outdoor activities for adventure seekers. From hiking in the impressive Dhofar Mountains to exploring the vast desert landscapes, there is no shortage of thrilling experiences in this region. Visitors can embark on a 4x4 journey to the stunning Qara Mountains, home to charming villages, frankincense trees, and breathtaking views. The nearby Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve is a nature lover's paradise, offering the opportunity to spot wildlife such as Arabian leopards, gazelles, and a wide variety of bird species.

Lastly, no visit to Salalah would be complete without indulging in its exquisite cuisine. The city is known for its delicious Omani dishes such as Shuwa, a traditional slow-cooked lamb dish, and Majboos, a spiced rice dish with meat. Visitors can also savor freshly caught seafood delicacies and enjoy Omani coffee, known as "kahwa," along with dates and halwa, a traditional Omani sweet treat.

In conclusion, Salalah is a destination that offers a perfect blend of natural beauty, cultural immersion, and historical significance. With its year-round pleasant climate, picturesque landscapes, and warm hospitality, it is an ideal getaway for those seeking an authentic Arabian experience. Whether you're exploring its lush wadis, relaxing on its pristine beaches, or immersing yourself in its lively festivals, Salalah will leave you with cherished memories and a deeper appreciation for the beauty of Oman.

Jeddah

'Aqaba

As Jordan's only outlet to the sea, the tourist resort of Aqaba
is known for its fantastic diving opportunities, mild winter
climate and sandy beaches. Situated on the tip of the Red Sea in
southern Jordan on the Gulf of Aqaba, the town's greatest
attraction lies offshore in the colourful coral reefs that are
rated as the best in the world. These boast an incredible marine
life and provide wonderful opportunities for divers and snorkelers
in the clear waters year-round.

Besides underwater escapades, Aqaba is an ideal location for
swimming, water-skiing, parasailing, fishing or sunbathing. For the
history enthusiast, Aqaba contains sites dating back to 4000 BC,
including the recent discovery of what is believed to be the
world's oldest church (3rd century), the remains of the medieval
walled city of Ayla and a Mamluk fort. These are proof of Aqaba's
strategic position as the main port on the trading route to the Far
East from Africa in ancient times, which made it a thriving town,
and it is this same location today that makes it an important
tourist centre. It is also conveniently situated for excursions to
the spectacular desert scenery of Wadi Rum and the ancient rock
city of Petra.

Safaga

On the coast of the Red Sea is the port town of Safaga, Egypt. It offers a range of ancient historical sightseeing, water sports and a dip in its healing mineral waters. This picturesque landscape has all kinds of adventures to offer. The town is best known for its phosphate mines, diving opportunities and beautiful reefs and also attracts tourists year round with its warm climate and attractive landscape.

Suez Canal Transit

Alexandria

Alexandria is a vibrant and historic city located on the coast of Egypt. As the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic hub, Alexandria offers visitors a unique blend of ancient wonders and modern attractions. Its rich history, Mediterranean charm, and breathtaking views make it a must-visit destination for travelers.

One of the main attractions in Alexandria is the Citadel of Qaitbay. Built on the site of the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria, this fortress offers stunning views of the Mediterranean Sea and is a testament to the city's ancient past. Visitors can explore the fortress, stroll along its walls, and learn about its fascinating history.

Another iconic landmark in Alexandria is the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, a modern library and cultural center that aims to recreate the grandeur of the ancient Library of Alexandria. It houses a vast collection of books, manuscripts, and artifacts, making it a haven for scholars and researchers. The library also hosts exhibitions, lectures, and cultural events, offering visitors a glimpse into the city's intellectual heritage.

For those interested in ancient history, a visit to the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa is a must. This underground burial site dates back to the 2nd century AD and showcases a blend of Roman and Egyptian architectural influences. Visitors can explore the maze-like tunnels, admire the intricate carvings, and witness the unique fusion of cultures in this underground marvel.

Alexandria is also known for its beautiful beaches. The Stanley Beach is a popular spot among locals and tourists alike. Its golden sands, clear turquoise waters, and vibrant atmosphere make it the perfect place to relax and unwind. Visitors can enjoy a refreshing swim, indulge in water sports, or simply soak up the sun while enjoying panoramic views of the Mediterranean Sea.

When it comes to cuisine, Alexandria offers a diverse range of culinary delights. Seafood is the city's specialty, and visitors can enjoy fresh and delicious seafood dishes in one of the many seafood restaurants scattered along the coast. From traditional Egyptian dishes to international cuisines, Alexandria's dining scene has something to suit every palate.

In addition to its historical and cultural attractions, Alexandria offers visitors a bustling cityscape filled with modern amenities. The Corniche, a picturesque waterfront promenade, is a popular spot for locals and tourists to enjoy a leisurely stroll and take in the breathtaking views of the Mediterranean Sea. The city is also home to modern shopping malls, vibrant markets, and lively nightlife, ensuring that there is always something to do or see.

Transportation in Alexandria is convenient and efficient, with a well-developed public transportation system including buses and trams. Taxis and car rentals are also readily available for those who prefer more convenience and flexibility in getting around the city.

In conclusion, Alexandria offers a unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a beach lover, or someone who simply wants to immerse themselves in the vibrant atmosphere of a cosmopolitan city, Alexandria has something to offer everyone. Its ancient wonders, beautiful beaches, and thriving food scene make it a captivating destination that should not be missed during a visit to Egypt.

Kusadasi

Kusadası is a large resort town on Turkey's Aegean coast, and the centre of the seaside district of the same name within Aydın Province. Kusadası is 95 km (59 mi) south of İzmir, and about 60 km (37 mi) from Aydın. The municipality's primary industry is tourism. Kusadası is a hugely popular tourist destination due to its perfect combination of culture, amazing beaches and fantastic things to eat and do. The area features several well-known local beaches, including Ladies Beach, the beach at the centrum, the beaches between the Batıhan Hotel and the Nazilli Site, the beach at Güzelçamlı, and the Dilek Peninsula National Park beach, referred to by locals as simply Milli Park.

Istanbul

The splendid city of Istanbul has many unique and fascinating
features. It is the only city in the world reaching across two
continents, with its old city in Europe and modern Istanbul
situated in Asia, separated by the Bosphorus Strait. It is also
unique in having had capital status during two successive empires,
Christian Byzantine and Islamic Ottoman, and the legacy from both
is visible in the modern city today.

Istanbul's location on the water made it a much coveted site as
a commercial shipping port and military lookout, and as capital of
the Roman Empire, Constantinople, as it was known, became extremely
desirable as a centre of world trade, until Mehmet the Conqueror
claimed it for the Ottoman Empire in 1453 and it became the
imperial seat of the sultans. After the War of Independence the
capital was moved to Ankara, but Istanbul still remains the
commercial, historical, and cultural heart of Turkey today.

The charm and character of Istanbul lies in its endless variety
and jumble of contradictions. Its fascinating history has
bequeathed the city a vivid inheritance of Byzantine ruins,
splendid palaces, ancient mosques and churches, hamams
(bath-houses), and exotic bazaars. Modern Istanbul exudes trendy
bars and nightclubs, western boutiques, office blocks, and elegant
suburbs.

Çanakkale

Çanakkale is the nearest major urban center to the ancient city of Troy, which (together with the ancient region of the Troad) is located inside Çanakkale Province. The wooden horse from the 2004 movie Troy is exhibited on the seafront.

Kavala

Kavala, situated in the northern part of Greece, is a picturesque coastal city that offers a unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Known as the "Azure City" due to its stunning blue sea, Kavala is a hidden gem that deserves a spot on every traveler's itinerary.

One of the highlights of Kavala is its rich history, which can be traced back to ancient times. The city was founded in the 7th century BC by settlers from the island of Thassos, and over the centuries, it has been influenced by various civilizations, including the Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans. This diverse history is reflected in the city's architecture, with its mix of ancient ruins, medieval castles, and Ottoman-era buildings.

One of the must-visit attractions in Kavala is the impressive Kavala Castle, also known as the Castle of Kavala or Panagia. Perched on a hilltop, this imposing fortress offers panoramic views of the city and the Aegean Sea. The castle dates back to the Byzantine era and was later expanded by the Ottomans. Visitors can explore its well-preserved walls, towers, and Byzantine churches while learning about its fascinating history.

Another historical site worth visiting is the Ancient Theater of Philippi, located just outside of Kavala. Built in the 4th century BC, this well-preserved theater once hosted performances and events during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Today, visitors can walk through the ancient ruins, marvel at the intricate design of the theater, and imagine what it must have been like to witness a play in this ancient setting.

Aside from its historical sites, Kavala is also known for its charming Old Town, called Panagia. This picturesque neighborhood is characterized by its narrow, winding streets, colorful houses, and traditional tavernas. Stroll through the cobblestone alleys, soak in the relaxed atmosphere, and savor traditional Greek cuisine at one of the local restaurants. Don't miss a visit to the Imaret, an Ottoman-era building that has been converted into a luxury boutique hotel and restaurant, offering a unique blend of history, architecture, and gastronomy.

For those seeking natural beauty, Kavala has plenty to offer. The city boasts numerous beautiful beaches, such as Batis, Tosca, and Kalamitsa, where visitors can relax on the golden sands and swim in the crystal-clear waters of the Aegean Sea. Additionally, Kavala is surrounded by stunning mountainous landscapes, making it an excellent destination for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. Explore the nearby Mount Paggaio, where hiking trails lead to breathtaking viewpoints and hidden waterfalls.

Kavala is well-connected with the rest of Greece and beyond. The city has its own international airport, offering direct flights to several European destinations. Alternatively, travelers can reach Kavala by ferry from the nearby Thassos Island or by bus from the capital city, Athens.

In summary, Kavala is a hidden gem that should not be overlooked by travelers exploring Greece. Its rich history, picturesque Old Town, stunning beaches, and natural landscapes make it a diverse and captivating destination. Whether you're interested in exploring ancient ruins, relaxing on the beach, or immersing yourself in Greek culture, Kavala has something for everyone.

Thessaloníki

Thessaloniki is the capital of Macedonia and one of the oldest
cities in Europe. General Kassandros named it after his wife, who
happened to be Alexander the Great's half-sister. With its wide
avenues, parks and squares, some travellers consider it far more
attractive than Athens.

The city's past under Ottoman rule shows in numerous Byzantine
churches, and museums housing Byzantine artefacts. Its rich Jewish
tradition reflects in its synagogues and the Jewish Museum, while
renowned monasteries display the influence of early Christian
communities.

Authorities have imposed regulations against skyscrapers going
up as the area is prone to earthquakes. This means that residents
and visitors can enjoy seaside views from the city's streets.

Visitors can try the Turkish Baths, wander the central market,
or relax at Aristotelous Square's cafes and restaurants.
Thessaloniki also has a vibrant nightlife, with a number of lively
bars and clubs.

Lesbos

Situated in the eastern Aegean Sea, near the Turkish coast,
Lesvos is one of Greece's largest islands and well connected by air
and sea to Athens, Thessalonika and other Aegean Islands. Quaint
fishing villages and pale sandy beaches encircle this delightful
destination, with olive groves and pine trees defining the
interior. Despite its popularity, many parts of the island have
remained virtually untouched and the crowds are much smaller than
on other islands.

Mitilini is the main town. However, most holidaymakers head for
the northern village of Molivos, and the south coast town of
Plomari. Sigri is also popular, given its location near the world's
largest petrified forest.

Apart from beautiful, secluded beaches and superb opportunities
for walking and bird-watching, Lesvos has relics of a long and
proud history. Indeed, the island has been inhabited since the
Bronze Age, and rose to glory around the 6th century BC, when only
Athens rivalled it as a centre of civilisation. Classicists know
Lesvos as the ancient poet Sappho's birthplace.

Izmir

Turkey's third largest city, Izmir is a busy port,
commercial centre, and gateway to the Aegean Coast. Despite its
size and importance, it still retains enough holiday atmosphere to
cause visitors to stay amongst the population of around three
million.

Lively and cosmopolitan, Izmir is also scenic thanks
to its palm-lined promenades lining the bay, backed by graceful
avenues with attractive horizontal terraces rising up the slopes of
the surrounding mountains.

Visitors come to see the sights, haggle in the
colourful bazaar, and dine on delicious meals at the many
waterfront restaurants. Formerly known as Smyrna, Izmir is ancient
and dates back to around 3,000 BC. But today it is thoroughly
modern having been almost obliterated by a fire in 1922 and
subsequently rebuilt.

There is some worthy sightseeing to be done in the
city, like the 19th century clock tower, the 18th century Konak
Cami Mosque, and an archaeology museum. A must-see is the city's
landmark public elevator, linking Mithatpasa Street with the summit
of the hill at Halil Rifat Pasa, from where there is a stunning
view across the city and the bay. The best way to enjoy Izmir is a
balmy evening stroll or horse-drawn carriage trip along its
promenade between Konak Meydan and Alsancak.

Bodrum

The popular holiday resort of Bodrum, called
Halicarnassus in ancient times, is the South Aegean's most
attractive resort, described by Homer as the 'Land of Eternal
Blue'. The hillside is covered in painted villas adorned with
bougainvillea, narrow streets wind their way down to the sea, and
the peaceful setting of its twin harbours offer shelter for
yachts.

Bodrum is a mustering point for local boats offering
tailor-made daytrips to nearby islands or the pristine beaches and
seaside restaurants along the magnificent coastline. From its
position between the two harbours, the 15th century crusader Castle
of St Peter dominates every part of the town, now home to the
fascinating Museum of Underwater Archaeology. The other Bodrum
holiday attraction is the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, the crumbling
remains of one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

As Turkey's leading seaside holiday destination,
Bodrum is packed with foreign visitors in summer. Yet it remains
unspoilt and retains its charming Turkish character, perfecting the
balance between authenticity and tourist comforts. Here, exotic
bazaars, the wailing cry of the muezzin, and ancient history
seamlessly blend with popular water sports, sunbathing, and a
nightlife that is notorious throughout Turkey.

Heraklion (Iraklion), Crete

Situated in the eastern Mediterranean, Crete is by far the
largest of the many Greek Islands and offers something for every
kinds of traveller.

The island has experienced thousands of years of conquest and
habitation and has a complicated and diverse heritage. Sightseers
can investigate the remains of the ancient Minoan culture that
flourished here thousands of years before Christ. Years of Roman,
Venetian and Turkish rule have also left their mark and there are
fascinating sights scattered throughout the island.

Its northern coastline is home to busy holiday resorts and a
wealth of powdery white beaches where couples and families come to
soak up the Mediterranean sunshine. The gateway to the island is
the large, modern city of Heraklion, which is not so much an island
idyll as a vital commercial centre. Other major holiday resorts in
Greece include nearby Malia, lively Agios Nikolaos, Rethymnon with
its lovely old town, and Chania, to the west, which known for its
14th-century Venetian harbour and waterfront restaurants.

The wild interior of Crete offers some spectacular mountain
scenery drives and many opportunities for hikers and serious
cyclists. The White Mountains in the west soar to over 2000m, while
the more gentle mountains in the east hide the extraordinary
Lasithi plateau in their midst, which is dotted with white
windmills. The south coast of Crete is much more remote and rugged
than the north. It is crisscrossed with gorges and dotted with
unspoilt villages, pretty coves, and secluded beaches.

Santorini

Besides being one of the most beautiful islands in the world,
Santorini is also one of the most geologically and archaeologically
dramatic. Often called Thira, the island is shaped like an enormous
pair of jaws encircling a lake filled with pure blue water. This is
the core of an ancient volcano, which according to legend,
destroyed the lost continent of Atlantis.

Santorini's capital, Fira, perches on a cliff top. Ferries
arrive and depart in the harbour below, while visitors walk or ride
donkeys up the steep winding path to the town. Fira has hotels,
good restaurants, bars and plenty of nightlife to keep tourists
happy.

History buffs should visit Ancient Thira's archaeological
remains. They date back to the 9th century BC, and they're on the
island's east side. Other attractions include the excavations at a
Minoan Bronze Age settlement called Akrotiri, an archaeological
museum, and an 18th-century monastery. Santorini has two swimming
beaches, Perissa and Kamari, both characterised by their volcanic
black sand.

Mykonos

Mykonos is upmarket, fashionable and a favourite among gay
travellers. It's quite possibly Greece's most expensive island.
Designer shops, perfect beaches, colourful tavernas and throbbing
dance clubs are all on offer. That said, trendy crowds and nude
beaches have not erased the destination's enchanting traditional
flavour.

Sightseers can visit the island's archaeological museum, which
displays finds from the necropolis (cemetery) on nearby Rhenia. Day
trips to the uninhabited island of Delos are also highly
recommended. The UNESCO World Heritage archaeological site was the
Aegean's religious centre during ancient times, and features in
some captivating myths. Its history is almost as interesting.
Visitors can explore the temples and the Avenue of the Lions, and
see stunning archaic sculptures in the museum.

Piraeus

Athens exudes a unique charm through its mix of street markets,
vine-covered tavernas, souvenir stalls, ancient monuments and
high-rise buildings. For tourists, a plus is that most of the
capital's attractions are accessible by foot.

Athens was named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom.
According to mythology, she won the city after duelling against
Poseidon, god of the sea. Indeed, Athens can chart its history back
thousands of years and is regarded as the cradle of Western
civilisation. More specifically, it's democracy's birthplace, and
where philosophy, art and architecture were refined.

The city declined after the Classical Age, dwindling to nothing
but a town in the colourful area now known as the Plaka. It emerged
as independent Greece's capital in 1834.

Today, the city is bustling. And though the pollution, frantic
gridlock and dingy buildings are a striking contrast to the open
beauty of Greece's coast and islands, Athens is truly the country's
beating heart. Ancient wonders like the Acropolis, the Parthenon,
and the Temples of Zeus and Hephaestus ensure that the city will
always lure travellers.

Gythio

Gythio is a picturesque coastal town located in the southern part of the Peloponnese region of Greece. Situated on the eastern bank of the Laconian Gulf, Gythio is renowned for its beautiful beaches, rich history, and charming atmosphere. With its stunning landscapes, delicious cuisine, and warm Greek hospitality, Gythio is a hidden gem waiting to be discovered by travelers.

History buffs will find Gythio fascinating as it boasts a long and intriguing history. It was once a major port and naval base of ancient Sparta, and remnants of this era can still be seen today. One of the most notable historical sites in Gythio is the ancient theater, which dates back to the 3rd century BC. Visitors can explore the ruins and imagine the performances that took place there hundreds of years ago.

Gythio is also home to a number of interesting museums that offer insight into the region's history and culture. The Historical and Ethnological Museum of Mani showcases the traditional way of life, costumes, and crafts of the Maniots, the inhabitants of Mani Peninsula. The Museum of Gythio, located in the town's former City Hall, exhibits artifacts from Gythio's past, including archaeological finds, photographs, and documents.

Nature lovers will be delighted by the natural beauty that surrounds Gythio. The town is bordered by pristine beaches with crystal-clear turquoise waters, making it a popular destination for beach enthusiasts. One of the most popular beaches in Gythio is Mavrovouni, a long sandy beach that stretches for several kilometers. With its shallow waters and gentle waves, it is an ideal spot for families with children. Visitors can also enjoy various water sports such as kayaking, windsurfing, and paddleboarding.

For those seeking a bit of adventure, a visit to the mythical caves of Diros is a must. Located just a short drive from Gythio, these spectacular caves can be explored by boat. Visitors will be amazed by the natural formations and the stunning colors created by the sunlight filtering through the water.

When it comes to cuisine, Gythio offers a delectable array of traditional Greek dishes. Seafood lovers will be in paradise as the town is known for its fresh-caught fish and delicious seafood tavernas. Don't miss the opportunity to taste mouthwatering dishes such as grilled octopus, fried calamari, or local specialties like "Syglino," a smoked pork dish that is a true culinary delight.

Gythio is also the perfect base for exploring the rest of the Mani Peninsula. The region is known for its picturesque mountain villages, ancient tower houses, and rugged landscapes. Visitors can take a scenic drive through the winding roads of the peninsula, stopping at charming villages like Vathia and Kardamyli along the way.

In terms of accommodation, Gythio offers a range of options to suit every budget and preference. From luxury hotels overlooking the sea to cozy guesthouses in the heart of the town, there is something for everyone. Visitors can also choose to stay in traditional stone-built houses, where they can experience the authentic Mani lifestyle.

Whether you are a history enthusiast, beach lover, nature explorer, or simply a foodie, Gythio has something to offer everyone. With its stunning landscapes, rich history, and warm hospitality, it is a destination that will leave a lasting impression. So, come and discover Gythio, a hidden gem on the Greek coast that promises an unforgettable experience.

Igoumenítsa

The city of Igoumenitsa is located in the northwestern part of Greece, within the regional unit of Thesprotia. It is the capital and main port of Thesprotia and Epirus, with a population of around 20,000 people. The city is built on the slopes of mount Pantokrator, overlooking the Gulf of Igoumenitsa and the Ionian Sea. It has a Mediterranean climate, with warm summers and mild winters.

The city's history can be traced back to the ancient city of Nikopolis, which was founded by Octavian in 31 BC. The city flourished during the Roman and Byzantine periods, but was sacked by the Goths in the 7th century AD. It was later rebuilt by the Byzantines and became a significant center of trade and culture. The city was conquered by the Ottomans in the 15th century and remained under their rule until the Greek War of Independence in 1821.

Today, Igoumenitsa is a modern city with a thriving economy based on tourism, trade, and transportation. The city's port is one of the busiest in Greece, and it serves as a gateway to the Ionian Islands and Italy. Igoumenitsa is also home to a number of schools and universities, as well as a number of cultural and historical sites.

Kotor

Tourists to Montenegro will most likely spend the bulk of their
time exploring the small Balkan country's natural landscape. From
snowy peaks to tall pine forests, from the coastlines to the
fjords, Montenegro is an outdoor lover's dream come true.

However, for those looking to get to grips with the culture of
Montenegro, the medieval city of Kotor is certainly the place to
visit, especially in recent years as Montenegro has swiftly
established itself as one of Europe's top tourist destinations.

It's not hard to see why this is. The surrounding Mediterranean
coastline, with its limestone cliffs and thick vegetation, is
punctuated by the port of Kotor, which in turn is surrounded by
city walls that were built by the Republic of Venice. These
ramparted and bastioned city walls, together with the
Venetian-inspired old city, are a designated UNESCO World Heritage
Site, and lauded for their role in the diffusion of Mediterranean
culture in the Balkan region.

A small city, with a population of just under 14,000 permanent
inhabitants, Kotor is a wonderful place to navigate on foot,
soaking up the scenery and admiring the medieval buildings. In
terms of tourist sights, the Maritime Museum is a must-visit
attraction, as is the Cathedral of Saint Tryphon (built in 1166)
and the Church of Our Lady of Health, which is located on a small
promontory overlooking Kotor and provides unbeatable views of the
bright blue Adriatic Sea beneath.

Dubrovnik

This unique Adriatic port has been luring
travellers for centuries, known for its luxury accommodation,
excellent cuisine and beautiful surroundings. From a turbulent
history during which it was occupied and conquered by a succession
of neighbouring European powers, Dubrovnik has emerged as a city at
peace, allowing visitors to make the most of its historic
architecture, white pebble beaches and crystal-clear ocean
waters.

The Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage
Site, dating from the 7th century. Its 13-century walls enclose
well-preserved buildings representing a cross-section of Baroque,
Gothic and Renaissance architecture, while Onofrio's Fountain is
one of Dubrovnik's most famous landmarks, found just inside the
main entrance to the old city at Pile Gate.

The centre of the Old Town is its main
street called the Stradun, which was originally a channel
separating an island from the mainland. It was filled in to join
two towns into the merged city of Dubrovnik.

There are many churches, monasteries and
museums to explore, while the Old Town boasts plenty of
restaurants, bars and shops. The coastal belt is awash with pretty
marinas, coves and promenades, while most hotels and the best
beaches are located northwest of the Old Town, at Lapad, or in
Ploce to the northeast.

Dubrovnik is a favourite on European cruise
itineraries and many tourists arrive by sea, ferrying in to the
charming old port. Although Dubrovnik will delight cruise
passengers with only a few hours to kill, it's incredibly rich in
history and culture and can easily occupy travellers for days. The
city is also well situated as a travel hub for exploring the
villages and islands dotted along the dramatic Dalmatian Coast of
Croatia.

Valletta

Valletta, which is the capital of Malta, embraces the famed
charm of an Italian city, its many Baroque palaces set on narrow
steep streets that form a grid pattern. Grandmaster Fra Jean de la
Valette, together with the Knights of the Order of St John, founded
and carefully planned the city.

As the saying goes, the city was 'built by gentlemen for
gentlemen', with the first stone being ceremonially laid in 1566
after Ottoman forces withdrew their siege of the Maltese Islands
and the Knights of St John took over. The purpose of the city,
built in a short span of 15 years on a plateau between two harbours
on Malta's northeast coast, was primarily to fortify the island.
Secondly, it was to provide palaces, inns for the eight Knight's
groupings, churches for worship, and gardens for recreation. These
grand remnants of the Knight's occupation still adorn Valletta in
the form of some splendid Baroque buildings and fortifications.

But the majestic architecture manages not to overwhelm the
island's carefree personality. Valletta balances its sombre
grandeur and religious tone with colour and jollity. The city has a
fun but not raucous nightlife, along with some great restaurants
and magnificent chances to see the sights. It's a very safe and
friendly city, welcoming of tourists, and well-equipped to host
them.

Messina

Messina is the third largest city on the island of Sicily, and the 13th largest city in Italy, with a population of more than 231,000. Home to the Museo Regionale of Messina, known for featuring two of Caravaggio's paintings, the city is also famous for having been the capital of the ancient kingdom of Sicily.

Salerno

Salerno, Italy is a small town located in the Campania region of Southern Italy. It is situated on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, and surrounded by beautiful hills and mountains on three sides. Salerno is one of the most picturesque towns in Italy, with a rich history that dates back to the ancient Roman period.

Salerno is an idyllic town that has gained popularity in recent years, thanks to its stunning coastline, lively nightlife scene, and proximity to the Amalfi Coast. The town is known for its charming streets, colorful buildings, and impressive architecture. Many of the buildings in Salerno date back to the Middle Ages and are rich in history and culture.

The town is also famous for its numerous churches, including the Cathedral of San Matteo, which dates back to the 11th century. The cathedral is one of the most beautiful buildings in Salerno and is home to a collection of stunning frescoes and mosaics.

However, Salerno is perhaps most famous for its beautiful seafront. The town boasts a lengthy promenade, which runs along the seafront and offers stunning views of the Tyrrhenian Sea. The promenade is lined with cafes, bars, restaurants and shops, making it the perfect place to relax and watch the world go by.

Salerno is also home to a thriving art scene. The town has numerous galleries and museums, including the Pinacoteca Provinciale di Salerno, which showcases works by some of the most famous Italian painters. The town is also famous for its murals, which are dotted throughout the town and depict scenes from Salerno's history and culture.

Salerno is situated on the Amalfi Coast, one of the most beautiful stretches of coastline in the world. The Amalfi Coast is famous for its stunning scenery, quaint fishing villages, and crystal-clear waters. Visitors to Salerno often use the town as a base for exploring the Amalfi Coast, which is located just a short drive away.

Salerno is also known for its lively nightlife scene. The town has numerous bars, clubs and restaurants, which stay open late into the night. The nightlife in Salerno attracts both locals and tourists and is a great way to experience Italian culture.

In addition to its natural beauty, Salerno is famous for its cuisine. The town is known for its fresh seafood, which is caught daily from the Tyrrhenian Sea. The town also boasts numerous restaurants, which serve traditional Italian dishes, including pasta, pizza and risotto.

Overall, Salerno is an idyllic town that offers visitors the perfect mix of culture, history, scenery and nightlife. The town's proximity to the Amalfi Coast, coupled with its lively atmosphere, make it the perfect destination for a relaxing but unforgettable vacation.

Civitavecchia

Rome is like a living museum, liberally
dotted with fascinating ruins, ancient relics and archaeological
sites. Centuries are peeled back from the Eternal City with each
new vista in this great metropolis of fearsome gladiators and
gorgeous art. Vespas, sports cars and nippy Fiats speed past trendy
sidewalk cafes, bistros and nightclubs, revealing the Rome of
Fellini's La Dolce Vita, while the stark facades of the Stadio
Olimpico reminds visitors of Mussolini's attempts to reinvent the
architecture of the Caesars.

For a taste of the Baroque, visitors need
only climb the famous Spanish Steps, walk through the Piazza Navona
or toss a coin into the beautiful Trevi Fountain. Renaissance
splendour is best revealed in the Vatican Palace, specifically
Michelangelo's efforts on the roof of the Sistine Chapel. From
early Christian Basilicas and the Roman Forum to the Colosseum and
the Pantheon, the sequence of history trails back to the dizzying
heights of the empire.

It may sound like a city of contrasts, but
Rome's timeless magic lies in its ability to blend the old with the
new. Empires have risen and fallen, old gods have been replaced
with the new, but Rome nonetheless remains.